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Sea surface current response patterns to tropical cyclones
Journal of Marine Systems ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103345
Han Zhang , Xiaohui Liu , Renhao Wu , Dake Chen , Dongna Zhang , Xiaodong Shang , Yuan Wang , Xunshu Song , Weifang Jin , Linghui Yu , Yongfeng Qi , Di Tian , Wenyan Zhang

Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strong synoptic systems which induce strong sea surface currents. This paper first cross-checks a detailed surface current response to specific TCs Rammasun (2014), Kalmaegi (2014) and Sarika (2016) based on buoy/mooring observations as well as a three-dimensional numerical model (three-dimensional version of the Price-Weller-Pinkel model, 3DPWP) and a one-dimensional semi-analytical model which simplifies the driving forcing into wind stress and Coriolis force, then estimates the impact of all possible tropical cyclones using the semi-analytical model. The results show that the sea surface current response to the kinetic energy input of TCs, which is dependent on the TC configurations (translation speed, size and intensity) and the environmental configurations (Coriolis frequency and upper ocean stratification), can be represented by two simple parameters, namely the TC nondimensional translation speed (S) and the TC wind force parameter ( V ~ c ) or TC wind energy parameter ( E ~ ). S represents a combined effect of TC translation speed, size and Coriolis frequency, determines the structure of surface current response. V ~ c or E ~ represents a combined effect of TC intensity, mixed layer depth and Coriolis frequency, determines the intensity of surface current response or wind energy input into surface currents. Ekman-like divergence dominates the sea surface current response when S is small (0 5). The response pattern with S > 5 was rarely studied before. The three values range of S take up ~30.36%, ~69.36% and ~0.28% of all recorded TCs during 2001–2017, which explains why the second response pattern with 0.4 5 has been rarely studied before. Besides, the surface rightward bias is greatest at S = 2.5 (S = 1.45) for current speed (kinetic energy input rate). V ~ c ( E ~ ) determine the amplitude of current speed (wind energy input into currents). This work provides a simple and easy-to-use method to estimate the surface current response pattern to TCs when TCs and associated environmental configurations are given, which may help to improve the parameterization of TCs in regional and climate modeling. It also suggests that S is a better index than TC translation speed to classify TCs when studying the oceanic response.

中文翻译:

海面洋流对热带气旋的响应模式

摘要 热带气旋(TCs)是一种强烈的天气系统,会引起强烈的海面洋流。本文首先根据浮标/系泊观测以及三维数值模型(三维版本的 TCs Rammasun(2014)、Kalmaegi(2014)和 Sarika(2016)对特定 TC 的详细表面电流响应进行了交叉检查。 Price-Weller-Pinkel 模型,3DPWP) 和一维半解析模型,该模型将驱动力简化为风应力和科里奥利力,然后使用半解析模型估计所有可能的热带气旋的影响。结果表明,海面洋流对 TC 动能输入的响应取决于 TC 配置(平移速度、大小和强度)和环境配置(科里奥利频率和上层海洋分层),可以用两个简单的参数表示,即 TC 无量纲平移速度 (S) 和 TC 风力参数 (V ~ c ) 或 TC 风能参数(E~)。S 代表 TC 平移速度、大小和科里奥利频率的综合影响,决定了表面电流响应的结构。V ~ c 或 E ~ 代表 TC 强度、混合层深度和科里奥利频率的综合影响,决定了地表电流响应或风能输入地表电流的强度。当 S 较小 (0 5) 时,类似 Ekman 的散度在海面电流响应中占主导地位。以前很少研究 S > 5 的响应模式。S 的三个取值范围分别为~30.36%、~69.36% 和~0。2001-2017 年所有记录的 TC 的 28%,这解释了为什么以前很少研究 0.4 5 的第二响应模式。此外,对于当前速度(动能输入率),表面向右偏差在 S = 2.5(S = 1.45)时最大。V ~ c ( E ~ ) 确定电流速度的幅值(风能输入到电流中)。这项工作提供了一种简单易用的方法来估计在给定 TC 和相关环境配置时对 TC 的表面电流响应模式,这可能有助于改进区域和气候建模中的 TC 参数化。这也表明,在研究海洋响应时,S 是比 TC 平移速度更好的分类 TC 的指标。对于当前速度(动能输入速率),表面向右偏差在 S = 2.5 (S = 1.45) 处最大。V ~ c ( E ~ ) 确定电流速度的幅值(风能输入到电流中)。这项工作提供了一种简单易用的方法来估计在给定 TC 和相关环境配置时对 TC 的表面电流响应模式,这可能有助于改进区域和气候建模中的 TC 参数化。这也表明,在研究海洋响应时,S 是比 TC 平移速度更好的分类 TC 的指标。对于当前速度(动能输入速率),表面向右偏差在 S = 2.5 (S = 1.45) 处最大。V ~ c ( E ~ ) 确定电流速度的幅值(风能输入到电流中)。这项工作提供了一种简单易用的方法来估计在给定 TC 和相关环境配置时对 TC 的表面电流响应模式,这可能有助于改进区域和气候建模中的 TC 参数化。这也表明,在研究海洋响应时,S 是比 TC 平移速度更好的分类 TC 的指标。这项工作提供了一种简单易用的方法来估计在给定 TC 和相关环境配置时对 TC 的表面电流响应模式,这可能有助于改进区域和气候建模中的 TC 参数化。这也表明,在研究海洋响应时,S 是比 TC 平移速度更好的分类 TC 的指标。这项工作提供了一种简单易用的方法来估计在给定 TC 和相关环境配置时对 TC 的表面电流响应模式,这可能有助于改进区域和气候建模中的 TC 参数化。这也表明,在研究海洋响应时,S 是比 TC 平移速度更好的分类 TC 的指标。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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