Evidence establishes that chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are associated with cancer development and patients with a primary malignancy may develop autoimmune-like diseases. Despite immune dysregulation is a common feature of both cancer and autoimmune diseases, precise mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not clarified and different hypotheses have been proposed, starting from genetic and environmental common features, to intrinsic properties of immune system. Moreover, as the development and use of immunomodulatory therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases are increasing, the elucidation of this relationship must be investigated in order to offer the best and most secure therapeutic options. The microbiota could represent a potential link between autoimmune diseases and cancer. The immunomodulation role of microbiota is widely recognized and under eubiosis, it orchestrates both the innate and adaptive response of immunity, in order to discriminate and modulate the immune response itself in the most appropriate way. Therefore, a dysbiotic status can alter the immune tonus rendering the host prone to exogenous or endogenous infections, breaking the tolerance against self-components and activating the immune responses in an excessive (i.e. chronic inflammation) or deficient way, favoring the onset of neoplastic and autoimmune diseases.

中文翻译：

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根据微生物群链接“癌症和自身免疫性疾病”：潜在罪魁祸首的证据。

有证据表明，慢性炎症和自身免疫性与癌症的发展有关，患有原发性恶性肿瘤的患者可能会发展类似自身免疫性的疾病。尽管免疫失调是癌症和自身免疫疾病的共同特征，但尚不清楚这种易感性的确切机制，从遗传和环境共同特征开始，到免疫系统的固有特性，人们提出了不同的假设。此外，随着针对癌症和自身免疫性疾病的免疫调节疗法的发展和使用的增加，必须研究这种关系的阐明以提供最佳和最安全的治疗选择。微生物群可能代表了自身免疫性疾病和癌症之间的潜在联系。微生物群的免疫调节作用已得到广泛认可，在普遍存在下，它可以协调免疫的固有应答和适应性应答，从而以最合适的方式区分和调节免疫应答本身。因此，营养不良状态会改变免疫张力，使宿主易于发生外源性或内源性感染，破坏了对自身成分的耐受性，并以过度（即慢性炎症）或不足的方式激活了免疫反应，从而促进了肿瘤的发生。自身免疫性疾病。