Introduction

A transition from car-dependence in cities, towards public and active transport has potential accessibility, health, and environmental benefits. However, it is critical that this transition does not exacerbate health inequities, but rather proactively plans to address them. A focus on youth who experience disadvantage and health disparities is important and must be explored from multiple perspectives. We report on a qualitative investigation in New Zealand adults to understand normative and contextual influences on youth transport preferences and in/ability to access opportunities, drawing out implications for healthy and equitable future policies.

Method

Twenty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults, predominantly in Auckland and Christchurch, in positions of influence over youth who experience access difficulties: parents, employers, and representatives of education and youth organisations. Interviews focused on adult perceptions of access barriers and enablers for youth, their expectations and practices, and future solutions. Interview data were analysed thematically using a semi-inductive approach.

Results

Overcoming complex access challenges for youth in larger New Zealand cities is heavily reliant on family and organisational support. A normative expectation for youth to become licensed and drive permeated this network of people and organisations, underpinned by: perceptions of practical necessity; non-viability of public and active transport; and, beliefs about the intertwined benefits of driving and licensure. Despite longer-term desires for sustainable and structural solutions, an urgent focus on immediate goals meant acceptance of the trade-offs associated with driving-based solutions.

Conclusion

Disadvantaged youth must be systematically included in the transition to public and active transport. Our results highlight opportunities for adult influencers to support structural and behaviour change for equity, rather than reinforce car-dependence. To navigate complex tensions between economic, health, equity, and environmental goals, a structural response is needed, which includes a shift in the role of adults and organisations and youth participation in urban planning.

中文翻译：

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成人对青年人获得准入的规范性影响：摆脱依赖汽车的背景下的挑战和机遇

介绍

从城市的汽车依赖过渡到公共交通和主动交通，可能会带来无障碍，健康和环境方面的好处。但是，至关重要的是，这种转变不会加剧健康不平等，而应积极制定解决方案。重视处于不利地位和健康差距的青年很重要，必须从多个角度进行探索。我们报告了在新西兰成年人中进行的定性调查，以了解规范和背景因素对青年交通偏好和获得机会的能力/没有能力，从而对健康和公平的未来政策产生影响。

方法

与成年人进行了二十一次半结构化访谈，主要是在奥克兰和基督城，这些成年人对接触困难的年轻人有影响力：父母，雇主，教育和青年组织的代表。访谈的重点是成年人对青年人的进入障碍和促成因素的看法，他们的期望和做法以及未来的解决方案。访谈数据采用半归纳法进行主题分析。

结果

克服较大的新西兰城市中青年人的复杂入学挑战在很大程度上取决于家庭和组织的支持。对青年人要获得执照和驾驶的规范性期望渗透到这个由人和组织组成的网络中，其基础是：对实际必要性的认识；公共和主动运输的不可行性；以及对驾驶和执照相结合的利益的信念。尽管对可持续性和结构性解决方案有长期的期望，但是紧迫关注近期目标意味着接受与基于驾驶的解决方案相关的权衡取舍。

结论

弱势青年必须系统地纳入向公共交通和积极交通的过渡。我们的结果突出显示了成年影响者有机会支持公平的结构和行为改变，而不是加强对汽车的依赖。为了应对经济，健康，公平和环境目标之间的复杂紧张关系，需要采取结构性应对措施，其中包括成年人和组织的角色转变以及青年人参与城市规划。