The objective of this work is to assess, on metrological basis, the average grey-levels (AVGL) calculated from B-Mode images for estimating temperature variations non-invasively in different kinds of tissues. Thermal medicine includes several thermal therapies, being hyperthermia the most noted and well known. Recently, efforts have been made to understand the benefits of ultrasound hyperthermia at mild temperature levels, i.e., between 39 °C and 41 °C. Moreover, the best practices on ultrasound bio-effects research have been encouraged by recommending that temperature rise in the region of interest should be measured even when a thermal mechanism is not being tested. In this work, the average grey-levels (AVGL) calculated from B-Mode images were assessed for non-invasive temperature estimation in a porcine tissue sample containing two different tissue types, fat and muscle, with temperature varying from 35 °C to 41 °C. The sample was continuously imaged with an ultrasound scanner, and simultaneously the temperature was measured. The achieved results were assessed under the light of the measurement uncertainty in order to allow comparability among different ultrasound thermometry methods. The highest expanded uncertainty of estimating temperature variation using AVGL was determined as 0.68 °C.

中文翻译：

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从超声图像中估计平均灰度级测量不确定度的方法，用于非侵入性估计不同组织类型的温度

这项工作的目的是在计量基础上评估从 B 模式图像计算的平均灰度级 (AVGL)，以非侵入性地估计不同类型组织中的温度变化。热医学包括几种热疗法，其中最著名和最著名的是热疗。最近，人们努力了解在温和温度水平（即 39 °C 至 41 °C）下超声热疗的好处。此外，通过建议即使没有测试热机制，也应测量感兴趣区域的温升，从而鼓励了超声生物效应研究的最佳实践。在这项工作中，在包含两种不同组织类型（脂肪和肌肉）的猪组织样本中，对从 B 模式图像计算出的平均灰度级 (AVGL) 进行了非侵入性温度估计，温度从 35 °C 到 41 °C 不等。样品用超声波扫描仪连续成像，同时测量温度。根据测量不确定度评估所取得的结果，以允许不同超声测温方法之间的可比性。使用 AVGL 估计温度变化的最高扩展不确定性被确定为 0.68 °C。根据测量不确定度评估所取得的结果，以允许不同超声测温方法之间的可比性。使用 AVGL 估计温度变化的最高扩展不确定性被确定为 0.68 °C。根据测量不确定度评估所取得的结果，以允许不同超声测温方法之间的可比性。使用 AVGL 估计温度变化的最高扩展不确定性被确定为 0.68 °C。