Animal models of chronic disease are continuously being refined and have evolved with the goal of increasing the translation of results to human populations. Examples of this progress include transgenic models and germ-free animals conventionalized with human microbiota. The gut microbiome is involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases. Therefore, consideration of the experimental conditions that may affect the gut microbiome in preclinical disease is very important. Of note, diet plays a large role in shaping the gut microbiome and can be a source of variation between animal models and human populations. Traditionally, nutrition researchers have focused on manipulating the macronutrient profile of experimental diets to model diseases such as metabolic syndrome. However, other dietary components found in human foods, but not in animal diets, can have sizable effects on the composition and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome and, as a consequence, manifestation of the chronic disease being modeled. The purpose of this review is to describe how food matrix food components, including diverse fiber sources, oxidation products from cooking, and dietary fat emulsifiers, shape the composition of the gut microbiome and influence gut health.

中文翻译：

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食物基质和微生物组：临床前慢性病研究的注意事项

慢性病的动物模型正在不断完善和发展，其目标是增加对人群的结果转化。这一进展的例子包括转基因模型和用人类微生物群进行常规化的无菌动物。肠道微生物组与多种慢性疾病的病因有关。因此，在临床前疾病中考虑可能影响肠道微生物组的实验条件非常重要。值得注意的是，饮食在塑造肠道微生物组方面发挥着重要作用，并且可能是动物模型和人群之间差异的来源。传统上，营养研究人员专注于操纵实验饮食的常量营养素分布，以模拟代谢综合征等疾病。然而，在人类食物中发现的其他膳食成分，但不是在动物饮食中，会对肠道微生物组的组成和代谢能力产生相当大的影响，因此，对正在建模的慢性疾病的表现。本综述的目的是描述食物基质食物成分，包括不同的纤维来源、烹饪产生的氧化产物和膳食脂肪乳化剂，如何塑造肠道微生物组的组成并影响肠道健康。