Abstract Dinoflagellates are a major component of the modern plankton. Of the 2192 species of marine free-living dinoflagellates presently described, an increasing number are being shown to produce resting cysts (probably hypnozygotes) within their life cycle. With rare exception, only the resting cysts fossilize, so they are of central importance in tracing the history of dinoflagellates through geological time. Cysts of many of the more common dinoflagellate species have distinctive morphologies allowing their geographic and stratigraphic occurrences to be traced. An ever-increasing number of taxa are also being shown to produce distinctive and geologically preservable cysts, potentially enhancing our knowledge of the diverse representation of dinoflagellates through time. Here the organic-walled cysts of 73 rare, poorly known or morphologically problematic marine dinoflagellate cyst species belonging to the orders Gymnodiniales (nine species) and Peridiniales (64 species) are reviewed, described and illustrated, and their stratigraphic ranges assessed. The names Echinidinium aculeatum and Echinidinium transparantum are validated.

中文翻译：

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对来自北半球的 Gymnodiniales 和 Peridiniales 目的稀有、鲜为人知和形态学上有问题的现存海洋有机壁甲藻孢囊分类群的回顾

摘要 甲藻是现代浮游生物的主要组成部分。在目前描述的 2192 种海洋自由生活的甲藻中，越来越多的物种被证明在其生命周期内产生静息囊肿（可能是催眠合子）。除了极少数例外，只有静止的囊肿会变成化石，因此它们在通过地质时间追踪甲藻历史方面具有重要意义。许多更常见的鞭毛藻物种的囊肿具有独特的形态，可以追踪它们的地理和地层分布。越来越多的分类群也被证明可以产生独特的、地质上可保存的包囊，这可能会增强我们对甲藻随时间变化的多样性的认识。这里有 73 个罕见的有机壁包囊，对属于 Gymnodiniales（9 种）和 Peridiniales（64 种）的鲜为人知或形态学上有问题的海洋甲藻孢囊物种进行了审查、描述和说明，并评估了它们的地层范围。Echinidinium aculeatum 和 Echinidinium transparantum 的名称经过验证。