Management of the poisoned patient begins with supportive care, assessment of organ function and dysfunction, and consideration of known or suspected poisons. The possibility of multiple ingestions should be considered with intentional exposures or suicide attempts. Enteric decontamination involves treatment to prevent the absorption of toxins from the gastrointestinal system and includes the use of activated charcoal. Poisoned patients may benefit from the use if antidotes are available, or enhanced elimination as with salicylate ion trapping during urinary alkalinization. The use of intravenous lipid therapy is of clinical benefit in poisoning from bupivacaine, amitriptyline, and bupropion. Hemodialysis is the most inexpensive, widely available, and most commonly used method of extracorporeal drug removal in the treatment of poisoning. Chelators with different chemical properties can bind toxic metals, providing an essential mechanism for detoxification, and may be used in combination with extracorporeal therapies such as DFO with HD for aluminum or iron, and DMSA or DMPS with HD to treat arsenic or mercury intoxication. The use of displacers with hemodialysis can be considered to augment clearance of protein-bound toxins.

中毒患者的治疗始于支持治疗，器官功能和功能障碍的评估以及已知或可疑毒物的考虑。故意暴露或自杀尝试应考虑多次摄入的可能性。肠净化涉及防止胃肠道毒素吸收的治疗，包括使用活性炭。如果可以使用解毒剂，则中毒的患者可能会从使用中受益，或者像在尿碱化过程中通过水杨酸盐离子捕集来增强消除作用一样。静脉内脂质治疗在布比卡因，阿米替林和安非他酮中毒中具有临床益处。血液透析是用于中毒治疗的最廉价，可广泛获得且最常用的体外药物去除方法。具有不同化学性质的螯合剂可以结合有毒金属，为排毒提供了必不可少的机制，可以与体外疗法（例如铝或铁的HD的DFO和HD的DMSA或DMPS）结合使用，以治疗砷或汞中毒。可以考虑将置换剂与血液透析一起使用，以增加蛋白质结合毒素的清除率。