Extracorporeal modalities have been used for detoxification for decades, with hemodialysis the preferred and most commonly used modality. Salicylates, lithium, methanol, and ethylene glycol are the most common poisonings treated with dialysis. For each of these common poisonings, a description of the toxidrome including pharmacokinetics, clinical presentation, an overview of treatment, and the role and application of dialysis is outlined. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent the formation of toxic metabolites in methanol and ethylene glycol is discussed in detail, including the use of fomepizole and ethanol to complement and in some cases prevent the need for hemodialysis. Hemodialysis has been attempted to treat many poisonings, often without success. A description of EXTRIP (Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning), a multidisciplinary project examining the evidence for extracorporeal treatments in poisoning, is also described. Recommendations for poisoning with acetaminophen, baclofen, barbiturates, carbamazepine, digoxin, metformin, phenytoin, thallium, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, and valproic acid are provided in a comprehensive table.

体外疗法已用于排毒数十年，血液透析是首选且最常用的疗法。水杨酸盐，锂，甲醇和乙二醇是透析治疗的最常见中毒。对于这些常见中毒中的每一种，概述了对toxidrome的描述，包括药代动力学，临床表现，治疗概述以及透析的作用和应用。详细讨论了抑制乙醇脱氢酶以防止在甲醇和乙二醇中形成有毒代谢产物的方法，包括使用甲吡咪唑和乙醇补充，并在某些情况下避免了血液透析的需要。血液透析已被尝试治疗许多中毒，但往往没有成功。EXTRIP（中毒体外疗法）的说明，还描述了一个多学科项目，该项目审查了中毒的体外治疗证据。综合表中提供了对乙酰氨基酚，巴氯芬，巴比妥酸盐，卡马西平，地高辛，二甲双胍，苯妥英钠，th，茶碱，三环类抗抑郁药和丙戊酸中毒的建议。