Medication-induced nephrotoxicity remains one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospitalized patients. Within the extensive group of medications associated with AKI, antibiotics and other antimicrobials are well recognized triggers of structural and functional renal impairment. Clinical manifestations range from mild forms of tubular injury to significant deterioration of kidney function requiring acute renal replacement therapy. Several mechanisms are described, although the most frequent are acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, intratubular crystal deposition, and proximal/distal tubulopathy with electrolyte wasting abnormalities. General risk factors for antimicrobial-induced AKI include pre-existing chronic kidney disease, and concomitant use of medication with nephrotoxic potential. Prevention and early recognition of AKI represent the standard approach to mitigate AKI and avoid morbidity.

药物引起的肾毒性仍然是住院患者中最常见的急性肾损伤（AKI）原因之一。在与AKI相关的广泛药物中，抗生素和其他抗菌药物是公认的结构和功能性肾功能损害的触发因素。临床表现从轻度的肾小管损伤到严重的肾功能恶化需要急性肾脏替代治疗。描述了几种机制，尽管最常见的机制是急性间质性肾炎，急性肾小管坏死，肾小管内晶体沉积以及伴有电解质消耗异常的近端/远端肾小管病变。抗生素引起的AKI的一般危险因素包括预先存在的慢性肾脏疾病，以及同时使用具有肾毒性潜力的药物。