The ability to survive host-elicited oxidative stress is critical for microbial pathogens to cause infection. The human fungal pathogen C.glabrata can tolerate high levels of oxidative stress and proliferate inside phagocytes. Previous studies had successfully identified a transcription response to oxidative stress including induction of a core set of detoxification genes. However, the findings only represent an early snapshot of a highly dynamic process lacking temporal resolution. Here, we compare the transcriptome of C. glabrata at various points after exposure to hydrogen peroxide in order to study its adaptation to an oxidative environment. Our results reveal global and temporal gene expression changes during an immediate response; up-regulating genes related to peroxide detoxification, while down-regulating genes essential for growth. As cells adapt to the oxidative environment, a dramatic transcriptome reprogramming occurred to restore key cellular functions, protein homeostasis and biosynthesis of trehalose, carbohydrate, fatty acid and ergosterol. Interestingly, biofilm and drug transporter genes as well as many genes implicated in virulence, were induced during the adaptation stage. Our finding, therefore, suggests a role of oxidative stress adaptation in promoting virulence and drug resistance traits of C. glabrata during infection.

中文翻译：

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转录组学分析揭示了光滑念珠菌对氧化环境的适应过程中的全局和时间转录变化

在宿主引起的氧化应激中存活的能力对于微生物病原体引起感染至关重要。人类真菌病原体 C.glabrata 可以耐受高水平的氧化应激并在吞噬细胞内增殖。以前的研究已经成功地确定了对氧化应激的转录反应，包括诱导一组核心解毒基因。然而，这些发现仅代表缺乏时间分辨率的高度动态过程的早期快照。在这里，我们比较了 C. glabrata 在暴露于过氧化氢后不同时间点的转录组，以研究其对氧化环境的适应。我们的结果揭示了即时反应期间的全局和时间基因表达变化；上调与过氧化物解毒相关的基因，同时下调对生长必不可少的基因。随着细胞适应氧化环境，发生了戏剧性的转录组重编程以恢复关键的细胞功能、蛋白质稳态以及海藻糖、碳水化合物、脂肪酸和麦角甾醇的生物合成。有趣的是，在适应阶段诱导了生物膜和药物转运基因以及许多与毒力有关的基因。因此，我们的发现表明氧化应激适应在感染期间促进光滑念珠菌毒力和耐药性特征中的作用。在适应阶段被诱导。因此，我们的发现表明氧化应激适应在感染期间促进光滑念珠菌毒力和耐药性特征中的作用。在适应阶段被诱导。因此，我们的发现表明氧化应激适应在感染期间促进光滑念珠菌毒力和耐药性特征中的作用。