Abstract Olives and their derivatives, in particular olive oil, represent one of the most significant agricultural products in the Mediterranean basin. Storage under inadequate conditions poses serious problems concerning fungal contamination, with consequent defects and potential mycotoxin production in olives and olive oils. Penicillium expansum represents one of the most significant postharvest pathogens in several fruits, including olives. Not only it causes blue mold but also is one of the most relevant patulin producing species of the genus Penicillium. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ecophysiological conditions governing growth and PAT production by P. expansum strains previously isolated from Tunisian olives. For this purpose, four P. expansum isolates were tested in a synthetic medium (Czapek Yeast Autolysate, CYA) and in olive-based medium (OM) for their ability to grow and produce PAT under different temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C) for 10 and 20 d. The mycotoxin was analysed by HPLC-UV. Results showed that all isolates were able to grow on tested media at different temperatures. Different PAT production profiles were found, showing that at 25 °C P. expansum isolates were able to produce PAT on CYA and OM medium. At 15 °C the production of PAT was only detected on CYA medium, while no PAT production was detected at 4 °C for the two media.

中文翻译：

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合成和橄榄基培养基中膨胀青霉和展青霉素生产的生态生理学

摘要 橄榄及其衍生物，尤其是橄榄油，是地中海盆地最重要的农产品之一。在不适当的条件下储存会带来有关真菌污染的严重问题，从而导致橄榄和橄榄油中的缺陷和潜在的霉菌毒素产生。Penicillium expansum 是包括橄榄在内的几种水果中最重要的收获后病原体之一。它不仅会导致蓝霉菌，而且还是青霉属中最相关的展青霉素生产物种之一。本研究的目的是评估先前从突尼斯橄榄中分离的 P. expansum 菌株的生长和 PAT 生产的生态生理条件。为此，在合成培养基（Czapek Yeast Autolysate，CYA) 和橄榄基培养基 (OM) 中，因为它们能够在不同温度（4°C、15°C 和 25°C）下生长和产生 PAT 10 天和 20 天。通过HPLC-UV分析霉菌毒素。结果表明，所有分离物都能够在不同温度下在测试培养基上生长。发现了不同的 PAT 生产概况，表明在 25 °C 下，膨胀松分离株能够在 CYA 和 OM 培养基上生产 PAT。在 15 °C 时，仅在 CYA 培养基上检测到 PAT 的产生，而两种培养基在 4 °C 下均未检测到 PAT 产生。表明在 25 °C 下，膨胀松原菌分离株能够在 CYA 和 OM 培养基上产生 PAT。在 15 °C 时，仅在 CYA 培养基上检测到 PAT 的产生，而两种培养基在 4 °C 下均未检测到 PAT 产生。表明在 25 °C 下，膨胀松原菌分离株能够在 CYA 和 OM 培养基上产生 PAT。在 15 °C 时，仅在 CYA 培养基上检测到 PAT 的产生，而两种培养基在 4 °C 下均未检测到 PAT 产生。