Substantial heterogeneity in practice patterns around the world has resulted in wide variations in the quality and type of dialysis care delivered. This is particularly so in countries without universal standards of care and governmental (or other organizational) oversight. Most high-income countries have developed such oversight based on documentation of adherence to standardized, evidence-based guidelines. Many low- and lower-middle-income countries have no or only limited organized oversight systems to ensure that care is safe and effective. The implementation and oversight of basic standards of care requires sufficient infrastructure and appropriate workforce and financial resources to support the basic levels of care and safety practices. It is important to understand how these standards then can be reasonably adapted and applied in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

世界各地的实践模式存在巨大差异，导致透析护理的质量和类型存在巨大差异。在没有通用护理标准和政府（或其他组织）监督的国家尤其如此。大多数高收入国家都根据遵守标准化、循证指南的记录制定了此类监督措施。许多低收入和中低收入国家没有或只有有限的有组织的监督系统来确保护理安全有效。基本护理标准的实施和监督需要足够的基础设施以及适当的劳动力和财政资源来支持基本水平的护理和安全实践。重要的是要了解如何在低收入和中低收入国家合理调整和应用这些标准。