Abstract Contact with, and psychological connectedness to the natural world are both associated with various health and sustainability-related outcomes. To date, though, the evidence base has been fragmented. Using a representative sample of the adult population of England (N = 4,960), we investigated the relationships between three types of nature contact, psychological connectedness, health, subjective wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviours within a single study. We found that specific types of nature contact, as well as individual differences in nature connectedness, were differentially associated with aspects of health, well-being and pro-environmental behaviours. Living in a greener neighbourhood was, unrelated to any wellbeing or sustainability outcomes. By contrast, visiting nature ≥ once a week was positively associated with general health and household pro-environmental behaviours. Moreover, people who watched/listened to nature documentaries reported higher levels of both pro-environmental behaviours. Nature connectedness was positively related to eudaimonic wellbeing and both types of pro-environmental behaviour. Moreover, connectedness moderated key relationships between nature contact, wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviours. The complexity of our findings suggests that interventions increasing both contact with, and connection to nature, are likely to be needed in order to achieve synergistic improvements to human and planetary health.

中文翻译：

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自然接触、自然联系以及与健康、福祉和环保行为的关联

摘要 与自然世界的接触和心理联系都与各种健康和可持续性相关的结果有关。然而，迄今为止，证据基础已经支离破碎。使用英格兰成年人口的代表性样本（N = 4,960），我们在一项研究中调查了三种自然接触、心理联系、健康、主观幸福感和亲环境行为之间的关系。我们发现特定类型的自然接触以及自然联系的个体差异与健康、福祉和环保行为的各个方面存在差异。生活在更环保的社区与任何福祉或可持续性成果无关。相比之下，参观大自然≥每周一次与一般健康和家庭环保行为呈正相关。此外，观看/收听自然纪录片的人报告两种亲环境行为的水平更高。自然连通性与 eudaimonic 幸福感和两种类型的亲环境行为呈正相关。此外，连通性调节了自然接触、福祉和环保行为之间的关键关系。我们研究结果的复杂性表明，为了实现人类和地球健康的协同改善，可能需要增加与自然的接触和联系的干预措施。观看/收听自然纪录片的人报告两种亲环境行为的水平更高。自然连通性与 eudaimonic 幸福感和两种类型的亲环境行为呈正相关。此外，连通性调节了自然接触、福祉和环保行为之间的关键关系。我们研究结果的复杂性表明，为了实现人类和地球健康的协同改善，可能需要增加与自然的接触和联系的干预措施。观看/收听自然纪录片的人报告两种亲环境行为的水平更高。自然连通性与 eudaimonic 幸福感和两种类型的亲环境行为呈正相关。此外，连通性调节了自然接触、福祉和环保行为之间的关键关系。我们研究结果的复杂性表明，为了实现人类和地球健康的协同改善，可能需要增加与自然的接触和联系的干预措施。