Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy source in the future of the transportation sector for powering automobiles instead of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). This undoubtedly related to its friendly environmental characteristics and its higher efficiency than the IC Engines. However, there are still challenges that prevent its implementation on a wide scale in which one of these challenges is the thermal management problem of the PEMFCs cooling systems. This article introduces a detailed and comprehensive literature survey of the liquid cooling techniques in the PEMFC stacks, including operation principles and heat generation and removal characteristics. Liquid cooling has been generally and efficiently utilized in the high power PEMFC stacks (>10 kW), enabling the PEMFC to be applied in the transportation sector. In this regard, the previous literature related to the liquid-cooling optimization in PEMFC stacks, including various types of coolant flow field configurations and coolant channels geometries of PEMFC, is summarized. Considering the PEMFCs cooling systems criterion (such as uniform temperature, pressure drop, maximum temperature, heat transfer efficiency, and fuel cell (FC) performance, etc.). The efforts to maintain the low conductivity coolants and using the nanofluids based cooling system as recent alternative coolants in PEMFCs were also included. Further, the cooling loop of the automotive PEMFCs were comparatively reported.

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）在交通运输领域的未来是一种有前途的能源，可为汽车（而不是内燃机）提供动力。无疑，这与其友好的环境特性和比IC Engines更高的效率有关。但是，仍然存在阻止其大规模实施的挑战，其中之一是PEMFC冷却系统的热管理问题。本文介绍了有关PEMFC电池组中液体冷却技术的详细而全面的文献综述，包括工作原理以及热量的产生和去除特性。在高功率PEMFC电池组（> 10 kW）中，液体冷却已被普遍有效地利用，从而使PEMFC可以应用于交通运输领域。在这方面，总结了与PEMFC堆中的液体冷却优化有关的先前文献，包括各种类型的PEMFC冷却剂流场配置和冷却剂通道几何形状。考虑PEMFC的冷却系统标准（例如均匀温度，压降，最高温度，传热效率和燃料电池（FC）性能等）。还包括维护低电导率冷却剂以及使用基于纳米流体的冷却系统作为PEMFC中最新的替代冷却剂的努力。此外，比较报道了汽车PEMFC的冷却回路。考虑PEMFC的冷却系统标准（例如均匀温度，压降，最高温度，传热效率和燃料电池（FC）性能等）。还包括维护低电导率冷却剂以及使用基于纳米流体的冷却系统作为PEMFC中最新的替代冷却剂的努力。此外，比较报道了汽车PEMFC的冷却回路。考虑PEMFC的冷却系统标准（例如均匀温度，压降，最高温度，传热效率和燃料电池（FC）性能等）。还包括维护低电导率冷却剂以及使用基于纳米流体的冷却系统作为PEMFC中最新的替代冷却剂的努力。此外，比较报道了汽车PEMFC的冷却回路。