Productivity and economic sustainability of many herbaceous and woody crops are seriously threatened by numerous phytopathogenic fungi. While symptoms associated with phytopathogenic fungal infections of aerial parts (leaves, stems and fruits) are easily observable and therefore recognizable, allowing rapid or preventive action to control this type of infection, the effects produced by soil-borne fungi that infect plants through their root system are more difficult to detect. The fact that these fungi initiate infection and damage underground implies that the first symptoms are not as easily noticeable, and therefore both crop yield and plant survival are frequently severely compromised by the time the infection is found.

In this paper we will review and discuss recent insights into plant-microbiota interactions in the root system crucial to understanding the beginning of the infectious process. We will also review different methods for diminishing and controlling the infection rate by phytopathogenic fungi penetrating through the root system including both the traditional use of biocontrol agents such as antifungal compounds as well as some new strategies that could be used because of their effective application, such as nanoparticles, virus-based nanopesticides, or inoculation of plant material with selected endophytes. We will also review the possibility of modeling and influencing the composition of the microbial population in the rhizosphere environment as a strategy for nudging the plant-microbiome interactions toward enhanced beneficial outcomes for the plant, such as controlling the infectious process.

许多草本植物和木本作物的生产力和经济可持续性受到众多植物致病真菌的严重威胁。虽然与空中植物（叶子，茎和果实）的植物致病性真菌感染有关的症状很容易观察到，因此可以识别，从而可以采取快速或预防措施来控制这种类型的感染，但土壤传播真菌通过根部感染植物而产生的影响。系统更难检测。这些真菌在地下引发感染和破坏的事实表明，最初的症状不那么容易注意到，因此发现感染的时间常常严重损害作物的产量和植物的存活率。

在本文中，我们将回顾并讨论对根系中植物-微生物群相互作用的最新见解，这对于理解感染过程的开始至关重要。我们还将审查通过根系穿透植物致病真菌来降低和控制感染率的不同方法，包括传统使用生物控制剂（例如抗真菌化合物）以及因其有效应用而可以使用的一些新策略，例如例如纳米粒子，基于病毒的纳米农药或使用选定的内生菌接种植物材料。