The rapid development in the field of metabolic engineering has enabled complex modifications of metabolic pathways to generate a diverse product portfolio. Manipulating substrate uptake and product export is an important research area in metabolic engineering. Optimization of transport systems has the potential to enhance microbial production of renewable fuels and chemicals. This chapter comprehensively reviews the transport systems critical for microbial production as well as current genetic engineering strategies to improve transport functions and thus production metrics. In addition, this chapter highlights recent advancements in engineering microbial efflux systems to enhance cellular tolerance to industrially relevant chemical stress. Lastly, future directions to address current technological gaps are discussed.

代谢工程领域的快速发展使得对代谢途径的复杂修饰能够产生多样化的产品组合。操纵底物的吸收和产品出口是代谢工程中的重要研究领域。运输系统的优化具有增强可再生燃料和化学品的微生物生产的潜力。本章全面回顾了对微生物生产至关重要的运输系统以及当前的遗传工程策略，这些战略旨在改善运输功能，从而改善生产指标。此外，本章重点介绍了工程微生物外排系统在增强细胞对工业相关化学胁迫的耐受性方面的最新进展。最后，讨论了解决当前技术差距的未来方向。