Abstract Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD (CaHPO4·2H2O), brushite, is an important calcium phosphate compound encountered in mineralized tissues and used in medicine, especially in bone cement formulations. However, the use of DCPD as direct implantable biomaterial has not received dedicated attention. In addition, the possibility to dope DCPD with biologically active ions to modulate its performances was not systematically explored. We have investigated in depth the doping of DCPD with Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ ions. Clear modifications in terms of chemical composition, particle size, pore distribution, crystal morphology, and affinity for water were pointed out. Then, the samples were cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells to explore cytotoxicity and proliferation. Various behaviors were noticed dependent on the incorporated metal ions. Such DCPD compounds associated with bioactive metal ions, and particularly Ag+ and Zn2+, appear promising as a new family of reactive materials for use, as such or in combination, in bone-related applications.

中文翻译：

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透钙磷石 (Ca,M)HPO4、2H2O 掺杂生物活性离子（M = Mg2+、Sr2+、Zn2+、Cu2+ 和 Ag+）：功能生物材料的新途径？

摘要 二水磷酸二钙，DCPD (CaHPO4·2H2O)，透钙磷石，是一种重要的磷酸钙化合物，存在于矿化组织中，用于医药，尤其是骨水泥配方。然而，使用 DCPD 作为直接植入式生物材料并没有受到专门的关注。此外，没有系统地探索用生物活性离子掺杂 DCPD 以调节其性能的可能性。我们深入研究了用 Mg2+、Sr2+、Zn2+、Cu2+ 和 Ag+ 离子掺杂 DCPD。指出了在化学成分、粒度、孔分布、晶体形态和对水的亲和力方面的明显改变。然后，将样品与人脂肪干细胞一起培养以探索细胞毒性和增殖。注意到依赖于引入的金属离子的各种行为。这种与生物活性金属离子，特别是 Ag+ 和 Zn2+ 相关的 DCPD 化合物，作为一类新的活性材料，在骨相关应用中单独使用或组合使用，似乎很有前景。