Injury to the central nervous system remains a significant therapeutic challenge from a tissue engineering perspective because of the soft tissue properties, anatomical and spatial complexities, and highly divergent injury mechanisms that must be addressed. Emerging strategies to approach the difficulties of central nervous system regeneration include the use of hydrogel formulations as scaffolds for cellular and biomolecular delivery. Hydrogels have been used extensively in tissue engineering because they are adaptable to match a number of design considerations to recapitulate native tissues, including their mechanical and biochemical properties. Hydrogel scaffolds are specifically suited for achieving the soft tissue properties of the brain and spinal cord and have much demonstrated evidence for functionalization toward improved neural repair in the central nervous system. This review focuses on developments made in the last five years for advanced hydrogel strategies used in central nervous system repair and regeneration. Specific emphasis is placed on the exploitation of hydrogel properties for enhanced structural, biochemical, and cellular cues for both brain and spinal cord regeneration. Although translational challenges still remain, evidence demonstrates the forward progress in material design and use to validate hydrogels as tissue engineering surrogates for brain and spinal cord injuries.

从组织工程学的角度来看，由于必须解决软组织特性，解剖学和空间复杂性以及高度不同的损伤机制，中枢神经系统的损伤仍然是重大的治疗挑战。解决中枢神经系统再生困难的新兴策略包括使用水凝胶制剂作为细胞和生物分子递送的支架。水凝胶已被广泛用于组织工程中，因为它们可适应多种设计考虑，以概括天然组织，包括其机械和生化特性。水凝胶支架特别适合于实现大脑和脊髓的软组织特性，并且已得到充分证明的功能化功能，可以改善中枢神经系统的神经修复。这篇综述的重点是过去五年中用于中枢神经系统修复和再生的先进水凝胶策略的发展。特别强调了利用水凝胶特性来增强结构，生化和细胞线索，从而促进大脑和脊髓的再生。尽管仍然存在翻译方面的挑战，但有证据表明材料设计和用于验证水凝胶的进步，因为组织工程替代了脑和脊髓损伤。这篇综述的重点是过去五年中用于中枢神经系统修复和再生的先进水凝胶策略的发展。特别强调了利用水凝胶特性来增强结构，生化和细胞线索，从而促进大脑和脊髓的再生。尽管仍然存在翻译方面的挑战，但有证据表明材料设计和用于验证水凝胶的进步，因为组织工程替代了脑和脊髓损伤。这篇综述的重点是过去五年中用于中枢神经系统修复和再生的先进水凝胶策略的发展。特别强调了利用水凝胶特性来增强结构，生化和细胞线索，从而促进大脑和脊髓的再生。尽管仍然存在翻译方面的挑战，但有证据表明材料设计和用于验证水凝胶的进步，因为组织工程替代了脑和脊髓损伤。