Photoswitching dynamics of common organic photoisomers in solid state are often reduced compared to the solution state due to the close packing of molecules that limits structural changes. The facile solid-state switching of photoisomers has implications in developing novel light-controlled devices such as actuator, field-effect transistor, and photodetector, as well as photon energy storage materials that can be charged by light and release thermal energy upon triggering. Thus, the solid-state photoswitching of organic molecules has been studied in relation to the structural characteristics, and various effective methods to enhance the switching in condensed phases have been developed. This review highlights isomerization dynamics of common photoswitches in solid and then introduces important strategies for facilitating the switching dynamics, including the covalent functionalization methods for small-molecule photoswitches as well as the incorporation of various templates such as porous medium, nanoparticle, and host-guest structure. Furthermore, the solid-state switching of molecules at the interface with inorganic substrates including 2D materials and the microscopy techniques for the characterization will be further described.

与溶液状态相比，固态的常见有机光异构体的光开关动力学通常会降低，这是由于分子的紧密堆积限制了结构变化。光异构体的轻松固态切换对开发新型光控器件（例如致动器，场效应晶体管和光电探测器）以及光子储能材料具有影响，光子储能材料可以被光充电并在触发时释放热能。因此，已经针对结构特征研究了有机分子的固态光开关，并且已经开发出各种有效的方法来增强在冷凝相中的开关。这篇评论重点介绍了固体中常见光开关的异构化动力学，然后介绍了促进开关动力学的重要策略，包括用于小分子光电开关的共价功能化方法，以及各种模板（例如多孔介质，纳米颗粒和客体结构）的结合。此外，将进一步描述分子在与包括2D材料的无机衬底的界面处的固态转换以及用于表征的显微技术。