Yarn batteries are promising candidates in portable, flexible and wearable electronics due to its tiny volume, good flexibility and maximum compatibility with textile. However, the-state-of-the-art yarn battery using aqueous electrolyte cannot fulfill the requirement of working normally in extreme weather conditions, such as harsh winters and searing summers. In this research, a quasi-solid-state iongel electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity of 0.016 S cm⁻¹ was synthesized by polymerizing 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Veim][DCA]) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NNMBA) in zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂) dissolved 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]). A flexible zinc//manganese-dioxide (Zn//MnO₂) yarn battery based on this iongel delivers high volumetric capacity of 2.4 mAh cm⁻³ and length/areal/volumetric energy density of 0.0075 mWh cm⁻¹/0.03 mWh cm⁻²/2.0 mWh cm⁻³ at 0 °C, all of which are higher than values of many previously reported devices at room temperature so far. Moreover, compared with these at 0 °C, the volumetric capacity and length/areal/volumetric energy density of the battery get 1.4- and 1.4-fold enhancement when temperature rises to 25 °C, and 1.9- and 2.1-fold enhancement at 60 °C, respectively. This research indicates that our yarn battery is suitable for harsh winters and searing summers, laying a solid foundation for the universal application of wearable electronics.

纱线电池由于体积小，柔韧性好以及与纺织品的最大兼容性而成为便携式，柔性和可穿戴电子产品的有希望的候选者。然而，使用含水电解质的最新纱线电池不能满足在极端天气条件下正常工作的要求，例如严酷的冬天和炎热的夏天。在这项研究中，通过将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑鎓双氰胺（[Veim] [DCA]）和N，N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺聚合，合成了具有高离子电导率的0.016 S cm ^-1的准固态离子凝胶电解质。（NNMBA）在乙酸锌（Zn（CH ₃ COO）₂）中溶解的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双氰胺（[Emim] [DCA]）。柔性锌/二氧化锰（Zn // MnO ₂）基于该离子凝胶的纱线电池在0°C时可提供2.4 mAh cm ^-3的高容量容量和0.0075 mWh cm ^-1 /0.03 mWh cm ^-2 /2.0 mWh cm ^-3的长度/面积/体积能量密度，所有到目前为止，它高于许多以前报道的室温下的设备的值。此外，与0°C时相比，温度升高到25°C时，电池的容量，长度/面积/体积能量密度提高了1.4倍和1.4倍，在60°C时提高了1.9倍和2.1倍分别为℃。这项研究表明，我们的纱线电池适用于严酷的冬季和炎热的夏天，为可穿戴电子产品的普遍应用奠定了坚实的基础。