Implementation of in-situ and operando experimental set-ups for bridging the pressure gap in characterization techniques based on monitoring of photoelectron emission has made significant achievements at several beamlines at Elettra synchrotron facility. These set-ups are now operational and have been successfully used to address unsolved issues exploring events occurring at solid–gas, solid–liquid and solid-solid interfaces of functional materials. The sections in the article communicate the research opportunities offered by the current set-ups at APE, BACH, ESCAmicroscopy and Nanospectroscopy beamlines and outline the next steps to overcome the present limits.

在 Elettra 同步加速器设施的几条光束线上，实施了原位和操作实验装置，以弥合基于光电子发射监测的表征技术中的压力差距。这些装置现已投入使用，并已成功用于解决未解决的问题，探索发生在功能材料的固-气、固-液和固-固界面的事件。文章中的部分交流了 APE、BACH、ESCA 显微镜和纳米光谱光束线当前设置提供的研究机会，并概述了克服当前限制的下一步。