Protection and management of groundwater resources depends on full understanding of the processes controlling the groundwater chemistry and associated health risks. In view of this, the rural part of Wanaparthy district, Telangana State, India was chosen for the present study and the groundwater samples collected from there were chemically analyzed. Quality of groundwater is of alkaline nature and mostly fresh water type. According to Trilinear Diagram, the change of groundwater quality from Ca²⁺- $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$ type to Na⁺- $\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$ type through mixed water type suggests the gradual influence of anthropogenic activities on the aquifer system. Gibbs Diagrams demonstrate that the chemistry of groundwater is mainly controlled by rock-water interactions and the rest by evaporation due to impact of anthropogenic sources. Bivariate Diagrams (Na⁺ vs $\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$, Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ vs $\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}$+ $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$ and Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺- $\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}$- $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$ vs Na⁺- $\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$) clearly specify that the processes of weathering and dissolution of minerals, and ion exchange are the dominant controlling factors of groundwater chemistry. Hierarchical R-type Cluster Analysis illustrates that Group I ($\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$- Na⁺ and $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$) is considered natural contribution, Group 2 ($\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}$- Mg²⁺- Ca²⁺) is natural or anthropogenic source and Group 3 ($\text{N}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$- K²⁺ - ${\text{F}}^{-}$) is anthropogenic influence. As per the estimation of sources of ions in the groundwater body by Unmix Model, the Source 1 ($\text{N}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$, $\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$, $\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}$ and Na⁺) is related to the anthropogenic activities; Source II (Ca²⁺, $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$, Na⁺, $\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}$, Mg²⁺ and $\text{C}{\text{l}}^{-}$) to the weathering of silicate minerals, dissolution of chloride and sulfate minerals; and Source III (K⁺, ${\text{F}}^{-}$, Ca²⁺, $\text{HC}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$ and Mg²⁺) to the weathering of fluoride, calcium, magnesium and potassium bearing minerals or the application of chemical compounds of potassium and fluoride ions. These sources lead to groundwater contamination in some locations, thereby causing unfit for drinking purpose. Health Risk Assessment with respect to $\text{N}{\text{O}}_3^{-}$ and ${\text{F}}^{-}$ ions suggests that the Total Hazard Index of non-carcinogenic risk (> 1.0) is observed from 26.67%, 26.67% and 43.33% of the total groundwater samples and the threat is to children compared to men and women due to their smaller body weights. Therefore, the health risk reduction measures are recommended to improve the groundwater quality in the study region.

地下水资源的保护和管理取决于对控制地下水化学和相关健康风险的过程的充分理解。有鉴于此，本研究选择了印度特兰甘纳州Wanaparthy区的农村地区，并对从那里收集的地下水样品进行了化学分析。地下水的水质是碱性的，大部分是淡水。根据三线性图，Ca 2 ⁺ -引起的地下水水质变化$\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$输入Na ⁺ -$\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$类型通过混合水类型表明人为活动对含水层系统的逐渐影响。吉布斯图（Gibbs Diagrams）证明，地下水的化学作用主要由岩水相互作用控制，其余的则由人为源的影响通过蒸发来控制。双变量图（Na ⁺ vs $\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$，Ca ²⁺ + Mg ²⁺ 与 $\text{小号}{\text{Ø}}_4^{2-}$+ $\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$和Ca ²⁺ + Mg 2 ⁺ -$\text{小号}{\text{Ø}}_4^{2-}$-- $\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$ vs Na ⁺ -$\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$）明确规定矿物的风化和溶解过程以及离子交换是地下水化学的主要控制因素。分层R型聚类分析说明第I组（$\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$-Na ⁺和$\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$）被视为自然贡献，第2组（$\text{小号}{\text{Ø}}_4^{2-}$-Mg 2 ⁺ -Ca ²⁺）是天然或人为来源，第3组（$\text{ñ}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$-K 2 ⁺ -${\text{F}}^{-}$）是人为的影响。根据Unmix模型估算的地下水体中离子源，离子源1（$\text{ñ}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$， $\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$， $\text{小号}{\text{Ø}}_4^{2-}$Na ⁺）与人为活动有关；源II（Ca ²⁺，$\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$，Na ⁺，$\text{小号}{\text{Ø}}_4^{2-}$，Mg ²⁺和$\text{C}{\text{升}}^{-}$）对硅酸盐矿物的风化，氯化物和硫酸盐矿物的溶解；和源III（K ⁺，${\text{F}}^{-}$，钙²⁺，$\text{HC}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$和Mg ²⁺）对含氟，钙，镁和钾矿物质的风化或钾和氟离子化合物的应用。这些来源导致某些地方的地下水污染，从而导致不适合饮用。有关的健康风险评估$\text{ñ}{\text{Ø}}_3^{-}$ 和 ${\text{F}}^{-}$离子表明，非致癌风险的总危险指数（> 1.0）在地下水样本总数中的比例为26.67％，26.67％和43.33％，并且由于体重较轻，与男性和女性相比，对儿童的威胁更大。因此，建议采取减少健康风险的措施来改善研究区域的地下水水质。