Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, and a significant amount of research has been devoted to understand the factors that contribute to the development, loss of control, and persistence of compulsive addictive behaviors. In this review, we provide an overview of various theories of addiction to drugs of abuse and the neurobiology involved in elements of the addiction cycle. Specific focus is devoted to the role of the mesolimbic pathway in acute drug reinforcement and occasional drug use, the role of the mesocortical pathway and associated areas (e.g., the dorsal striatum) in escalation/dependence, and the contribution of these pathways and associated circuits to conditioned responses, drug craving, and loss of behavioral control that may underlie drug relapse. By enhancing the understanding of the neurobiological factors that mediate drug addiction, continued preclinical and clinical research will aid in the development of novel therapeutic interventions that can serve as effective long-term treatment strategies for drug-dependent individuals.

中文翻译：

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毒瘾的神经基质和回路。


毒瘾是一种慢性复发性疾病，大量研究致力于了解导致强迫性成瘾行为的发展、失控和持续的因素。在这篇综述中，我们概述了滥用药物成瘾的各种理论以及成瘾周期要素所涉及的神经生物学。特别关注中脑边缘通路在急性药物强化和偶尔药物使用中的作用、中皮质通路和相关区域（例如背侧纹状体）在升级/依赖性中的作用，以及这些通路和相关回路的贡献条件反应、药物渴望和行为控制丧失可能导致药物复发。通过增强对介导药物成瘾的神经生物学因素的理解，持续的临床前和临床研究将有助于开发新的治疗干预措施，这些干预措施可以作为药物依赖个体的有效长期治疗策略。