Mouse models of human myeloid malignancies support the detailed and focused investigation of selected driver mutations and represent powerful tools in the study of these diseases. Carefully developed murine models can closely recapitulate human myeloid malignancies in vivo, enabling the interrogation of a number of aspects of these diseases including their preclinical course, interactions with the microenvironment, effects of pharmacological agents, and the role of non-cell-autonomous factors, as well as the synergy between co-occurring mutations. Importantly, advances in gene-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR–Cas9, have opened new avenues for the development and study of genetically modified mice and also enable the direct modification of mouse and human hematopoietic cells. In this review we provide a concise overview of some of the important mouse models that have advanced our understanding of myeloid leukemogenesis with an emphasis on models relevant to clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype.

中文翻译：

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骨髓恶性肿瘤的小鼠模型

人类骨髓恶性肿瘤的小鼠模型支持对选定的驱动基因突变的详细而集中的研究，并代表了研究这些疾病的有力工具。精心开发的鼠模型可以在体内紧密概括人类骨髓恶性肿瘤，从而可以审视这些疾病的许多方面，包括其临床前病程，与微环境的相互作用，药理作用以及非细胞自主因素的作用，以及同时发生的突变之间的协同作用。重要的是，基因编辑技术的进步，特别是CRISPR–Cas9，为基因修饰小鼠的开发和研究开辟了新途径，也使小鼠和人类造血细胞的直接修饰成为可能。