Influenza is a global challenge, and future pandemics of influenza are inevitable. One of the lessons learned from past pandemics is that all pandemic influenza viruses characterized to date possess viral genes originating from avian influenza viruses (AIVs). During the past decades, a wide range of AIVs have overcome the species barrier and infected humans with different clinical manifestations ranging from mild illness to severe disease and even death. Understanding the mechanisms of infection in the context of clinical outcomes, the mechanism of interspecies transmission, and the molecular determinants that confer interspecies transmission is important for pandemic preparedness. Here, we summarize the epidemiology, virology, and pathogenicity of human infections with AIVs to further our understanding of interspecies transmission.

中文翻译：

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禽流感病毒感染人类的​​流行病学，病毒学和致病性

流感是全球性挑战，未来流感大流行是不可避免的。从过去的大流行中吸取的教训之一是，迄今为止，所有特征化的大流行性流感病毒都具有源自禽流感病毒（AIV）的病毒基因。在过去的几十年中，各种各样的AIV克服了物种障碍，感染了人类，其临床表现从轻度疾病到重度疾病甚至死亡都有不同的表现。了解临床结果，种间传播的机制以及导致种间传播的分子决定因素的感染机制对于大流行的防范非常重要。在这里，我们总结了人类感染AIV的流行病学，病毒学和致病性，以进一步了解种间传播。