Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are broadly expressed in mammalian cells and abundant in the CNS, with tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns. Moreover, ncRNAs have been found to intricately and dynamically regulate various signaling pathways in neurodegeneration. As such, some antisense transcripts and microRNAs are known to directly affect neurodegeneration in disease contexts. The functions of ncRNAs in pathogenesis are unique for each disorder, as are the pertinent networks of ncRNA/miRNA/mRNA that mediate these functions. Thus, further understanding of ncRNA biogenesis and effects might aid the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers or development of effective therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the ncRNAs that have so far been identified in major neurodegenerative disease etiology and the mechanisms that link ncRNAs with disease-specific phenotypes, such as HTT aggregation in HD, α-synuclein in PD, and Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau in AD. We also summarize the known lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks that participate in neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss ncRNA-related treatments shown to delay disease onset and prolong lifespan in rodent models.

中文翻译：

---

非编码RNA在神经退行性疾病发病机理中的功能作用和网络。

最近的转录组分析表明，非编码RNA（ncRNA）在哺乳动物细胞中广泛表达，在CNS中具有丰富的组织和细胞类型特异性表达模式。而且，已经发现ncRNA在神经变性中复杂且动态地调节各种信号通路。这样，已知一些反义转录物和微小RNA会直接影响疾病背景下的神经变性。ncRNA在发病机理中的功能对于每种疾病都是独特的，介导这些功能的ncRNA / miRNA / mRNA的相关网络也是如此。因此，进一步了解ncRNA的生物发生和作用可能有助于发现诊断性生物标志物或开发神经退行性疾病的有效疗法。这里，我们回顾了迄今为止在主要神经退行性疾病病因中已确定的ncRNA，以及将ncRNA与疾病特异性表型相关的机制，例如HD中的HTT聚集，PD中的α-突触核蛋白，AD中的Aβ斑块和高磷酸化Tau。我们还总结了已知的参与神经退行性疾病的lncRNA / miRNA / mRNA网络，并讨论了与ncRNA相关的治疗方法可延缓啮齿类动物疾病的发作并延长其寿命。