Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). However, the criteria for risk assessment currently used is not satisfactory. The urine proteome may provide important clues to indicate the development of HSPN. Here, we detected and compared the urine proteome of patients with HSPN and healthy controls by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode. The differentially expressed proteins were analysed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. For validation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the selected proteins. A total of 125 proteins (29 upregulated and 96 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed in children with HSPN compared with the controls. Forty-one proteins were predicted to have direct interactions. The enriched pathways mainly included focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions and so on. Cell adhesion related to the pathogenesis of HSPN was the main biological process identified in this study. The decrease in two proteins (integrin beta-1 and tenascin) was validated by ELISA. Our study provides new insights into the assessment of HSPN progression in children, as well as new potential biomarkers. The data confirm the value of the urinary proteome in capturing the emergence of HSPN.

中文翻译：

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液相色谱-串联质谱法研究儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎的尿液蛋白质组学


过敏性紫癜肾炎（HSPN）是过敏性紫癜（HSP）儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。然而，目前使用的风险评估标准并不令人满意。尿液蛋白质组可能为提示HSPN的发生发展提供重要线索。在这里，我们通过液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）在数据独立采集（DIA）模式下检测并比较了 HSPN 患者和健康对照的尿液蛋白质组。通过基因本体（GO）分析和京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析对差异表达蛋白进行分析。为了验证，使用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 来分析所选蛋白质。与对照组相比，HSPN 儿童中总共有 125 种蛋白质（29 种上调和 96 种下调）被发现存在差异表达。四十一种蛋白质被预测具有直接相互作用。富集的通路主要包括粘附斑、细胞粘附分子、PI3K-Akt信号通路、ECM-受体相互作用等。与 HSPN 发病机制相关的细胞粘附是本研究确定的主要生物学过程。通过 ELISA 验证了两种蛋白质（整合素 beta-1 和生腱蛋白）的减少。我们的研究为评估儿童 HSPN 进展以及新的潜在生物标志物提供了新的见解。这些数据证实了尿液蛋白质组在捕捉 HSPN 出现方面的价值。