The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system. Its functional and structural integrity is vital in maintaining the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. On the other hand, the BBB is also a major hindering obstacle for the delivery of effective therapies to treat disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Over time, various model systems have been established to simulate the complexities of the BBB. The development of realistic in vitro BBB models that accurately mimic the physiological characteristics of the brain microcapillaries in situ is of fundamental importance not only in CNS drug discovery but also in translational research. Successful modeling of the Neurovascular Unit (NVU) would provide an invaluable tool that would aid in dissecting out the pathological factors, mechanisms of action, and corresponding targets prodromal to the onset of CNS disorders. The field of BBB in vitro modeling has seen many fundamental changes in the last few years with the introduction of novel tools and methods to improve existing models and enable new ones. The development of CNS organoids, organ-on-chip, spheroids, 3D printed microfluidics, and other innovative technologies have the potential to advance the field of BBB and NVU modeling. Therefore, in this review, summarize the advances and progress in the design and application of functional in vitro BBB platforms with a focus on rapidly advancing technologies.

中文翻译：

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神经血管单元的体外建模：该领域的进展

血脑屏障 (BBB) 是中枢神经系统的基本组成部分。其功能和结构完整性对于维持大脑微环境的稳态至关重要。另一方面，BBB 也是提供有效疗法来治疗中枢神经系统 (CNS) 疾病的主要障碍。随着时间的推移，已经建立了各种模型系统来模拟 BBB 的复杂性。开发逼真的体外 BBB 模型，准确模拟原位脑微毛细血管的生理特征，不仅在 CNS 药物发现中而且在转化研究中都具有根本重要性。神经血管单元 (NVU) 的成功建模将提供一种宝贵的工具，有助于剖析病理因素、作用机制、和相应的中枢神经系统疾病发作的前驱目标。BBB 体外建模领域在过去几年中发生了许多根本性的变化，引入了新的工具和方法来改进现有模型并启用新模型。CNS 类器官、器官芯片、球体、3D 打印微流体和其他创新技术的发展有可能推动 BBB 和 NVU 建模领域的发展。因此，在本综述中，以快速发展的技术为重点，总结功能性体外 BBB 平台的设计和应用的进展和进展。BBB 体外建模领域在过去几年中发生了许多根本性的变化，引入了新的工具和方法来改进现有模型并启用新模型。CNS 类器官、器官芯片、球体、3D 打印微流体和其他创新技术的发展有可能推动 BBB 和 NVU 建模领域的发展。因此，在本综述中，以快速发展的技术为重点，总结功能性体外 BBB 平台的设计和应用的进展和进展。BBB 体外建模领域在过去几年中发生了许多根本性的变化，引入了新的工具和方法来改进现有模型并启用新模型。CNS 类器官、器官芯片、球体、3D 打印微流体和其他创新技术的发展有可能推动 BBB 和 NVU 建模领域的发展。因此，在本综述中，以快速发展的技术为重点，总结功能性体外 BBB 平台的设计和应用的进展和进展。