Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient, but its excessive concentration can impair plant growth and development. Fertilizers, liming materials, pesticides and fungicides containing Zn have contributed to increase its concentration in agricultural soils. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Zn excess on the non-enzymatic (anthocyanin and β-ecdysone) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase-SOD and guaiacol peroxidase-GPX) antioxidant system of two P. glomerata accessions (JB and GD) grown in hydroponic system and soil, under short- and long-term exposure times. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 μM) and two short-term exposure times (7 and 14 d) were tested in the hydroponic experiment. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 mg kg-1) and two long-term exposure times (34 and 74 d) were tested in the soil experiment. The effects of Zn excess on P. glomerata accessions depended on the growth system and exposure time. Zinc excess in both tested growth systems resulted in significant change in the tissue oxidative process (MDA concentration) in both accessions, as well as broadened the antioxidant system response, which was based on antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins and β-ecdysone). The highest anthocyanin concentration was observed in accession JB, which was grown in hydroponics, but tissue anthocyanin concentration increased in both accessions, regardless of growth medium and exposure time. The β-ecdysone concentration in the roots increased in both accessions, but accession GD was more responsive to Zn excess. There was significant physiological variation in P.glomerata accessions in response to Zn excess.

中文翻译：

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植物的遗传变异方法应用于锌污染：Pfaffia glomerata品种中的次生代谢产物和抗氧化系统的酶。

锌（Zn）是微量营养素，但其浓度过高会损害植物的生长发育。含锌的肥料，石灰材料，农药和杀真菌剂有助于提高其在农业土壤中的浓度。本研究的目的是评估Zn过量对两种肾小球菌（JB和B）的非酶促（花色素苷和β-蜕皮激素）和酶促（超氧化物歧化酶-SOD和愈创木酚过氧化物酶-GPX）抗氧化系统的影响。 GD）在短期和长期暴露时间下在水培系统和土壤中生长。在水培试验中测试了三个锌水平（2、100和200μM）和两个短期暴露时间（7和14 d）。在土壤实验中测试了三个锌水平（2、100和200 mg kg-1）和两个长期暴露时间（34和74 d）。锌过量对磷的影响 肾小球的种质取决于生长系统和暴露时间。两个测试生长系统中过量的锌均导致两种添加物中组织氧化过程（MDA浓度）发生显着变化，并扩大了基于抗氧化剂酶（SOD和GPX）和次生代谢产物（花色素苷和β-蜕皮激素）。在水培法中生长的JB品种中观察到了最高的花青素浓度，但是无论生长培养基和暴露时间如何，两种花色中的组织花青素浓度均增加。两种添加物中根中的β-蜕皮酮浓度均增加，但是添加GD对锌过量的响应更大。在响应锌过量的过程中，P.glomerata种质存在明显的生理变化。