Outstanding diversity and microendemism in a clade of rare Atlantic Forest montane frogs.,Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Outstanding diversity and microendemism in a clade of rare Atlantic Forest montane frogs.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106813
Maria Tereza C Thomé ₁ , Mariana L Lyra ₁ , Priscila Lemes ₂ , Laryssa S Teixeira ₁ , Ana Carolina Carnaval ₃ , Célio F B Haddad ₁ , Clarissa Canedo ₄

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Distributed across topographically complex landscapes that vary from lowland to high elevation, the Atlantic Forest harbors one of the richest biotas worldwide. Atlantic Forest amphibians are particularly speciose, taxonomic accounts are rising and the group is used as model for biogeographic inference. Past climate-related habitat fragmentation is often invoked to explain diversification, with montane taxa expected to become more widespread during glacial times and restrained at interglacials. In this study we investigate diversification in Ischnocnema lactea and I. holti (Anura: Brachycephalidae), two rare frog species inhabiting Atlantic Forest montane regions in Southeastern Brazil. Previous phylogenetic accounts have suggested uncertain limits between these two sister species. We assembled a multilocus DNA dataset, delimited lineages in this clade, and used ecological niche modeling to explore past and future putative ranges. Assignment analyses and traditional and coalescent phylogenetic methods confirmed the existence of a species complex of Miocene origin comprising nine lineages, most of which show very narrow ranges. Lineages were fully supported as species based in coalescent species delimitation, but the phylogenetic relationships among lineages in higher elevation were unresolved. Models of past ranges suggest extensive suitable areas at the last glacial maximum which, along with phylogenetic uncertainty, are consistent with a hypothesis that climate driven vicariance at higher elevation areas resulted in hard polytomies. Species distribution models under future climates suggest narrower ranges of the lineages relative to now, but no species are currently considered endangered. Overall, our results argue in favor for the reassessment of the taxonomic and conservation status of the I. holti - I. lactea species complex.

中文翻译：

一群稀有的大西洋森林山蛙具有杰出的多样性和地方特有性。

大西洋森林分布在地形复杂的地貌中，从低地到高海拔不等，大西洋森林是全球最丰富的生物区系之一。大西洋森林的两栖动物特别特殊，分类学的数据在增加，该群体被用作生物地理推断的模型。人们经常援引过去与气候有关的栖息地破碎化来解释多样性，其中山地分类群有望在冰川时期变得更加普遍，而在冰川间则受到限制。在这项研究中，我们调查了巴西东南部大西洋森林山地地区的两种稀有青蛙物种，即乳酸伊斯诺氏菌和霍尔提岛（Anura：Brachycephalidae）的多样性。先前的系统发育研究表明，这两个姐妹物种之间的界限不确定。我们组装了一个多基因座DNA数据集，在此进化枝中划定了血统，并使用生态位建模来探索过去和将来的推定范围。赋值分析以及传统的和聚结的系统发育方法证实了中新世起源的物种复合体的存在，该复合体包含9个谱系，其中大多数谱系的范围都很窄。宗族得到了完全支持，成为基于聚结物种划界的物种，但尚未解决较高海拔世系之间的系统发育关系。过去范围的模型表明，在最后一个冰川最大时期有广泛的适宜区域，再加上系统发育的不确定性，这与较高海拔地区气候驱动的变异导致坚硬的多面体的假设相一致。未来气候下的物种分布模型表明，与现在相比，世系的范围更窄，但目前没有任何物种被视为濒危物种。总体而言，我们的研究结果支持对霍尔提岛-乳酸菌物种复合体的分类和保存状态进行重新评估。

更新日期：2020-04-06

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