It is critical for patients with hematologic malignancies to have an accurate understanding of their illness and prognosis to make informed treatment decisions. Illness and prognostic understanding have primarily been studied in patients with solid tumors, however, data in patients with hematologic malignancies are rapidly growing. Patients with hematologic malignancies often face a unique and unpredictable illness trajectory with the possibility of cure persisting even in relapsed and refractory settings. These patients often require intensive therapies such as high-dose chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), or CAR T-cell therapy, which carry with them significant risk of morbidity, mortality, and prognostic uncertainty. In this review article, we first described the current literature on illness and prognostic understanding in patients with hematologic malignancies including 1) patients' varying desire for prognostic information; (2) patients' prognostic misperceptions, (3) the association between patients' prognostic understanding and their psychological outcomes; and (4) barriers to prognostic understanding. Next, we examined insights gained from the literature about illness and prognostic understanding in patients with solid tumors to guide our understanding of the research gaps in hematologic malignancies. Future studies are needed to better delineate the longitudinal relationship between prognostic understanding, psychological distress, and coping in patients with hematologic malignancies. Strategies such as communicating effectively about prognosis, cultivating adaptive coping in the face of a terminal prognosis, and integrating specialty palliative care for patients with hematologic malignancies have the potential to improve patients' prognostic understanding and their quality of life and care.

对于血液系统恶性肿瘤患者来说，准确了解他们的疾病和预后以做出明智的治疗决定至关重要。疾病和预后理解主要在实体瘤患者中进行研究，然而，血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的数据正在迅速增长。血液系统恶性肿瘤患者通常面临独特且不可预测的疾病轨迹，即使在复发和难治的情况下，治愈的可能性仍然存在。这些患者通常需要高剂量化疗、造血干细胞移植 (HCT) 或 CAR T 细胞疗法等强化疗法，这些疗法伴随着显着的发病率、死亡率和预后不确定性风险。在这篇评论文章中，我们首先描述了当前关于血液系统恶性肿瘤患者疾病和预后理解的文献，包括 1) 患者对预后信息的不同需求；(2) 患者对预后的误解， (3) 患者对预后的理解与其心理结果之间的关联；(4) 对预后理解的障碍。接下来，我们研究了从文献中获得的关于实体瘤患者疾病和预后理解的见解，以指导我们理解血液系统恶性肿瘤的研究空白。未来的研究需要更好地描述血液系统恶性肿瘤患者预后理解、心理困扰和应对之间的纵向关系。诸如有效沟通预后等策略，