The concept of “blue growth,” which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within national and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contemporary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case-study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture examples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40–800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the impacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short-term gains over long-term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross-cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommendations are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.

中文翻译：

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旧的，新的：历史视角为蓝色增长议程提供经验教训

旨在促进海洋经济增长同时全面管理海洋社会生态系统的“蓝色增长”概念正在国家和国际海洋政策中出现。这个概念经常被宣传为新颖；然而，我们表明存在历史类比，可以为当代蓝色增长的规划和实施提供见解。使用基于专家知识的案例研究方法，我们确定了来自 13 个国家的 20 个历史渔业或水产养殖案例，跨越了过去 40-800 年，我们认为它们体现了蓝色增长概念。据我们所知，这是第一次在如此广泛的空间和时间尺度上对蓝色增长进行调查。过去的社会设法在剥削与公平获取之间取得平衡，不同时期的生态完整性和/或经济增长。存在导致蓝色增长成功或失败的四个主要轨迹。成功与公平而非开放的获取、创新和管理相关联，这些创新和管理具有响应性、整体性并基于科学知识和监测。无法实现或维持蓝色增长的原因是未能解决行业增长的限制和/或预测不利的外在事件和驱动因素（例如国际市场的变化、战争）的影响、短期收益优先于长期收益可持续性和支持系统的丧失。得出了 14 项跨领域经验教训和 10 项建议，可以提高对蓝色增长的理解和实施。尽管当代文献广泛支持我们的发现，