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Multilayer Topology Optimization of Wideband SIW-to-Waveguide Transitions
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2019.2959759
Emadeldeen Hassan , Benedict Scheiner , Fabian Michler , Martin Berggren , Eddie Wadbro , Franz Rohrl , Stefan Zorn , Robert Weigel , Fabian Lurz

This article utilizes a topology optimization approach to design planar multilayer transitions between substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) and rectangular waveguides (RWGs). The optimization problem is formulated based on the modal field analyses and Maxwell’s equations in the time domain solved by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We present a time-domain boundary condition based on the Klein–Gordon equation to split traveling waves at homogeneous waveguide ports. We employ the boundary condition to compute portal quantities and to devise an adjoint-field system that enabled an efficient computation of the objective function gradient. We solve design problems that include more than 105 000 design variables by using less than 400 solutions of Maxwell’s equations. Moreover, a new formulation that effectively combats the development of in-band resonances in the design is presented. The transition configuration allows the direct mount of conventional RWG sections on the circuit board and aims to cover the entire K-band. The guiding structure of the optimized transition requires blind vias, which is realized by a simple and cost-efficient technique. In addition, the transition is optimized for three different setups that can be used to provide different field polarizations. The proposed transitions show less than 1-dB insertion loss and around 15-dB return loss over the frequency interval 18–28 GHz. Several prototypes are fabricated with an excellent match between the simulation and measurement results.

中文翻译:

宽带 SIW 到波导转换的多层拓扑优化

本文利用拓扑优化方法来设计衬底集成波导 (SIW) 和矩形波导 (RWG) 之间的平面多层过渡。优化问题是基于模态场分析和麦克斯韦方程在时域中通过有限差分时域 (FDTD) 方法求解的。我们提出了基于 Klein-Gordon 方程的时域边界条件,以在均匀波导端口处分离行波。我们使用边界条件来计算入口量并设计一个伴随场系统,该系统能够有效计算目标函数梯度。我们使用不到 400 个麦克斯韦方程组的解来解决包含超过 105 000 个设计变量的设计问题。而且,提出了一种新的公式,可以有效地对抗设计中带内共振的发展。过渡配置允许在电路板上直接安装传统的 RWG 部分,旨在覆盖整个 K 波段。优化过渡的引导结构需要盲孔,这是通过简单且经济高效的技术实现的。此外,过渡针对可用于提供不同场极化的三种不同设置进行了优化。建议的转换显示在 18-28 GHz 频率间隔内插入损耗小于 1-dB,回波损耗约为 15-dB。制造了几个原型,模拟和测量结果之间具有极好的匹配。过渡配置允许将传统 RWG 部分直接安装在电路板上,旨在覆盖整个 K 波段。优化过渡的引导结构需要盲孔,这是通过简单且经济高效的技术实现的。此外,过渡针对可用于提供不同场极化的三种不同设置进行了优化。建议的转换显示在 18-28 GHz 频率间隔内插入损耗小于 1-dB,回波损耗约为 15-dB。制造了几个原型,模拟和测量结果之间具有极好的匹配。过渡配置允许将传统 RWG 部分直接安装在电路板上,旨在覆盖整个 K 波段。优化过渡的引导结构需要盲孔,这是通过简单且经济高效的技术实现的。此外,过渡针对可用于提供不同场极化的三种不同设置进行了优化。建议的转换显示在 18-28 GHz 频率间隔内插入损耗小于 1-dB,回波损耗约为 15-dB。制造了几个原型,模拟和测量结果之间具有极好的匹配。该过渡针对三种不同的设置进行了优化,可用于提供不同的场极化。建议的转换显示在 18-28 GHz 频率间隔内插入损耗小于 1-dB,回波损耗约为 15-dB。制造了几个原型,模拟和测量结果之间具有极好的匹配。该过渡针对三种不同的设置进行了优化,可用于提供不同的场极化。建议的转换显示在 18-28 GHz 频率间隔内插入损耗小于 1-dB,回波损耗约为 15-dB。制造了几个原型,模拟和测量结果之间具有极好的匹配。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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