The Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) wastewater treatment process has attracted significant attention ever since its discovery in the Netherlands in the 1990′s. This has mostly been due to the potential cost-effectiveness associated with the process in large scale application. However, the application of the Anammox process on an industrial-scale has been curtailed mainly due to the long start-up time of the Anammox bacteria. In order to ensure the feasibility of industrial-scale Anammox application, researchers have employed various means; experimenting with different reactor types, membrane types, as well as the usage of chemicals such as hydrazine, acyl-homoserinelactones (AHL), etc. Most recently however, more attention has been directed towards the addition of biomass carriers such as biochar, zeolites, sponges, non-woven membrane etc. for the optimization of the Anammox process. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the various carriers (Non-woven fabric, Biochar, Down-flow hanging sponge, Zeolite, Zero-violent iron, Polyethylene glycol gel, Activated-carbon, Polyethylene sponge, etc.) that have so far been used to better the performance of the Anammox process. It also focuses on the effect of these biomass carrier additions on the microbial growth and community structure. Understanding the metabolomics of microorganisms in carrier-amended media promises to enhance our knowledge of carriers’ influence on the microbial community structure. Generally, the metabolic effects of carrier-amendment on microbial growth and community are largely uninvestigated. Future researches focusing on this area could tremendously improve our comprehension of the inner-workings of the carrier amended Anammox set-up.

自1990年代在荷兰被发现以来，厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）废水处理工艺就引起了广泛的关注。这主要是由于与大规模应用中的过程相关的潜在成本效益。然而，由于厌氧细菌的长启动时间，已经限制了厌氧菌工艺在工业规模上的应用。为了确保在工业规模上使用Anammox的可行性，研究人员采用了各种手段。试验不同的反应器类型，膜类型以及化学药品（例如肼，酰基高丝氨酸内酯（AHL）等）的使用。然而，最近，更多的注意力转向了添加生物质载体（例如生物炭，沸石，海绵，无纺布膜等 用于优化Anammox工艺。本文提供了各种载体的最新概述（无纺布，生物炭，顺流悬挂海绵，沸石，零暴力铁，聚乙二醇凝胶，活性炭，聚乙烯海绵等）。迄今为止，已被用来改善Anammox工艺的性能。它还关注这些生物质载体的添加对微生物生长和群落结构的影响。了解携带者改良培养基中微生物的代谢组学有望提高我们对携带者对微生物群落结构影响的认识。通常，载体修饰对微生物生长和群落的代谢影响在很大程度上尚未得到研究。