For the production of biofuel (bioethanol), enzymatic adsorption onto a lignocellulosic biomass surface is a prior condition for the enzymatic hydrolysis process to occur. Lignocellulosic substances are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The polysaccharide matrix (cellulose and hemicellulose) is capable of producing bioethanol. Therefore, lignin is removed or its concentration is reduced from the adsorption substrates by pretreatments. Selected enzymes are used for the production of reducing sugars from cellulosic materials, which in turn are converted to bioethanol. Adsorption of enzymes onto the substrate surface is a complicated process. A large number of research have been performed on the adsorption process, but little has been done to understand the mechanism of adsorption process. This article reviews the mechanisms of adsorption of enzymes onto the biomass surfaces. A conceptual adsorption mechanism is presented which will fill the gaps in literature and help researchers and industry to use adsorption more efficiently. The process of enzymatic adsorption starts with the reciprocal interplay of enzymes and substrates and ends with the establishment of molecular and cellular binding. The kinetics of an enzymatic reaction is almost the same as that of a characteristic chemical catalytic reaction. The influencing factors discussed in detail are: surface characteristics of the participating materials, the environmental factors, such as the associated flow conditions, temperature, concentration, etc. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials and optimum range of shear force and temperature for getting better results of adsorption are recommended.

中文翻译：

---

酶与木质纤维素物质的相互作用：成因，机理和影响因素

对于生产生物燃料（生物乙醇），酶吸附在木质纤维素生物质表面上是发生酶水解过程的先决条件。木质纤维素物质主要由纤维素，半纤维素和木质素组成。多糖基质（纤维素和半纤维素）能够生产生物乙醇。因此，通过预处理从吸附基质上除去木质素或降低其浓度。所选的酶用于从纤维素材料生产还原糖，然后将其转化为生物乙醇。酶在底物表面上的吸附是一个复杂的过程。关于吸附过程进行了大量的研究，但是很少了解吸附过程的机理。本文概述了酶吸附到生物质表面的机理。提出了一种概念上的吸附机制，它将填补文献中的空白，并帮助研究人员和工业界更有效地利用吸附。酶促吸附的过程始于酶与底物的相互作用，并最终建立分子和细胞结合。酶促反应的动力学与特征性化学催化反应的动力学几乎相同。详细讨论的影响因素包括：参与材料的表面特性，环境因素，例如相关的流动条件，温度，浓度等。