Abstract The efficiency of microwave de-icing is a factor in the popularisation and application of this method. In this study, iron black, silicon carbon, and graphite were added to road concrete to enhance the microwave de-icing efficiency. The microwave heating efficiency and temperature distribution on a concrete surface were also investigated. In addition, the de-icing area and dielectric property of wave absorbing concrete were also investigated and compared. The results indicate that the temperature time curve during microwave de-icing can be divided into three stages based on the different microwave heating efficiencies. An ice layer decreases the microwave heating efficiency of a concrete surface, and when the ice layer turns into water, the microwave heating efficiency of the concrete clearly increases. The addition of a wave absorbing material enhances the microwave de-icing efficiency of the concrete. When the addition of graphite reaches 15%, the microwave heating efficiency of the concrete increases by 0.98 °C/s, the relative dielectric constant increases by 3.5–4.7, and the de-icing area reaches 66.7 cm2, which is 5.1-times that of ordinary Portland cement (PC) concrete. Iron black also enhances the microwave de-icing efficiency of the concrete, and the microwave heating efficiency increases by 0.35 °C/s and the effective de-icing area increases to 33.6 cm2 with the addition of 15% iron black. The enhancements of the three absorbing materials from high to low are from graphite, iron black, and silicon carbon. Dielectric property tests of concrete show that the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are closely related to the microwave de-icing efficiency.

中文翻译：

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不同吸波材料改性道路混凝土的微波除冰效率和介电性能

摘要 微波除冰效率是影响该方法推广应用的一个因素。在这项研究中，将铁黑、硅碳和石墨添加到道路混凝土中以提高微波除冰效率。还研究了混凝土表面的微波加热效率和温度分布。此外，还对吸波混凝土的除冰面积和介电性能进行了研究和比较。结果表明，根据微波加热效率的不同，微波除冰过程中的温度时间曲线可分为三个阶段。冰层降低了混凝土表面的微波加热效率，当冰层变成水时，混凝土的微波加热效率明显提高。吸波材料的加入提高了混凝土的微波除冰效率。当石墨添加量达到15%时，混凝土微波加热效率提高0.98℃/s，相对介电常数提高3.5~4.7，除冰面积达到66.7 cm2，是其5.1倍普通硅酸盐水泥 (PC) 混凝土。铁黑还提高了混凝土的微波除冰效率，加入15%的铁黑，微波加热效率提高0.35℃/s，有效除冰面积增加到33.6 cm2。三种吸波材料从高到低的增强分别来自石墨、铁黑和碳化硅。