The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices. Video abstract.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤微环境的复杂性和治疗意义一目了然。

癌细胞与其由基质细胞（细胞部分）和细胞外基质（ECM）成分（非细胞）组成的微环境的动态相互作用对于刺激癌细胞的异质性、克隆进化和增加最终导致癌症的多药耐药性至关重要细胞进展和转移。细胞-细胞/ECM相互作用以及肿瘤细胞对非恶性细胞的劫持迫使基质细胞失去其功能并获得促进肿瘤细胞发育和侵袭的新表型。了解控制这些相互作用的潜在细胞和分子机制可以用作间接破坏癌细胞相互作用的新策略，并有助于开发有效且安全的抗癌治疗策略。此外，肿瘤来源的循环材料还可用作癌症诊断工具，以精确预测和监测治疗结果。本综述评估了各种先进癌症模型中的此类潜力，重点关注 3D 系统以及芯片实验室设备。视频摘要。