Venoms were first identified as potential doping agents by the racing industry in 2007 when three vials of cobra venom were seized during an inspection of a stable at Keeneland Racecourse in the USA. Venoms are a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, and other substances with a wide range of biological effects, including inhibiting the transmission of nervous and muscular impulses. As an example of this, cobratoxin, an α‐neurotoxin found in cobra venom, is claimed to be an effective treatment for pain. Recent analysis of seized samples identified venom from two different species of snake. Proteomic analysis identified the first sample as cobra venom, while the second sample, in a vial labeled “Conotoxin”, was identified as venom from a many banded krait. Cobratoxin, conotoxins, and bungarotoxins (a component of krait venom) are all α‐neurotoxins, suggesting a common application for all three venom proteins as potential pain blocking medications. Using a peptide based on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a one‐step affinity purification method was developed for the detection of α‐neurotoxins in plasma.

中文翻译：

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通过基于受体的亲和纯化从马血浆中提取α-神经毒素。

在2007年，在美国Keeneland赛马场检查马stable时，缴获了三小瓶眼镜蛇毒，因此，赛马业首次将蛇毒鉴定为潜在的兴奋剂。毒液是蛋白质，肽和其他物质的复杂混合物，具有多种生物学作用，包括抑制神经和肌肉冲动的传递。例如，眼镜蛇毒素（一种在眼镜蛇毒液中发现的α-神经毒素）被认为是一种有效的疼痛治疗方法。最近对缉获的样品进行的分析确定了来自两种不同种类蛇的毒液。蛋白质组学分析将第一个样品鉴定为眼镜蛇毒，而第二个样品在标有“ Conotoxin”的小瓶中被鉴定为来自许多带状海带的蛇毒。眼镜蛇毒素，芋螺毒素和邦加毒素（蛇毒的成分）都是α-神经毒素，提示这三种毒液蛋白可作为潜在的止痛药共同使用。使用基于烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的肽，开发了一种一步亲和纯化方法，用于检测血浆中的α-神经毒素。