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Long-term research and hierarchical models reveal consistent fitness costs of being the last egg in a clutch
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13232 Cheyenne R Acevedo 1 , Thomas V Riecke 1, 2 , Alan G Leach 1, 2 , Madeleine G Lohman 1 , Perry J Williams 1 , James S Sedinger 1
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13232 Cheyenne R Acevedo 1 , Thomas V Riecke 1, 2 , Alan G Leach 1, 2 , Madeleine G Lohman 1 , Perry J Williams 1 , James S Sedinger 1
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Abstract Maintenance of phenotypic heterogeneity in the face of strong selection is an important component of evolutionary ecology, as are the consequences of such heterogeneity. Organisms may experience diminishing returns of increased reproductive allocation as clutch or litter size increases, affecting current and residual reproductive success. Given existing uncertainty regarding trade‐offs between the quantity and quality of offspring, we sought to examine the potential for diminishing returns on increased reproductive allocation in a long‐lived species of goose, with a particular emphasis on the effect of position in the laying sequence on offspring quality. To better understand the effects of maternal allocation on offspring survival and growth, we estimated the effects of egg size, timing of breeding, inter‐ and intra‐annual variation, and position in the laying sequence on gosling survival and growth rates of black brant Branta bernicla nigricans breeding in western Alaska from 1987 to 2007. We found that gosling growth rates and survival decreased with position in the laying sequence, regardless of clutch size. Mean egg volume of the clutch a gosling originated from had a positive effect on gosling survival (β = 0.095, 95% CRI: 0.024, 0.165) and gosling growth rates (β = 0.626, 95% CRI: 0.469, 0.738). Gosling survival (β = −0.146, 95% CRI: −0.214, −0.079) and growth rates (β = −1.286, 95% CRI: −1.435, −1.132) were negatively related to hatching date. These findings indicate substantial heterogeneity in offspring quality associated with their position in the laying sequence. They also potentially suggest a trade‐off mechanism for females whose total reproductive investment is governed by pre‐breeding state.
中文翻译：
长期研究和分层模型揭示了成为最后一个鸡蛋的一致健康成本
摘要 在强选择面前维持表型异质性是进化生态学的一个重要组成部分，这种异质性的后果也是如此。随着离合器或窝产仔数的增加，生物体可能会经历增加繁殖分配的收益递减，从而影响当前和剩余的繁殖成功率。鉴于后代数量和质量之间权衡存在的不确定性，我们试图研究长寿鹅繁殖分配增加收益递减的可能性，特别强调产蛋顺序中位置的影响关于后代质量。为了更好地了解母体分配对后代存活和生长的影响，我们估计了鸡蛋大小、繁殖时间、年际和年内变化的影响，和位置对 1987 年至 2007 年在阿拉斯加西部繁殖的黑布兰塔 bernicla nigricans 雏鹅存活率和生长率的影响。我们发现，无论离合器大小如何，雏鹅的生长率和存活率都随着产蛋顺序中的位置而降低。雏鹅产卵窝的平均产蛋量对雏鹅存活率 (β = 0.095, 95% CRI: 0.024, 0.165) 和雏鹅生长率 (β = 0.626, 95% CRI: 0.469, 0.738) 有积极影响。雏鹅存活率（β = -0.146，95% CRI：-0.214，-0.079）和生长率（β = -1.286，95% CRI：-1.435，-1.132）与孵化日期呈负相关。这些发现表明，与其在产蛋顺序中的位置相关的后代质量存在很大的异质性。
更新日期：2020-04-22
中文翻译：
长期研究和分层模型揭示了成为最后一个鸡蛋的一致健康成本
摘要 在强选择面前维持表型异质性是进化生态学的一个重要组成部分，这种异质性的后果也是如此。随着离合器或窝产仔数的增加，生物体可能会经历增加繁殖分配的收益递减，从而影响当前和剩余的繁殖成功率。鉴于后代数量和质量之间权衡存在的不确定性，我们试图研究长寿鹅繁殖分配增加收益递减的可能性，特别强调产蛋顺序中位置的影响关于后代质量。为了更好地了解母体分配对后代存活和生长的影响，我们估计了鸡蛋大小、繁殖时间、年际和年内变化的影响，和位置对 1987 年至 2007 年在阿拉斯加西部繁殖的黑布兰塔 bernicla nigricans 雏鹅存活率和生长率的影响。我们发现，无论离合器大小如何，雏鹅的生长率和存活率都随着产蛋顺序中的位置而降低。雏鹅产卵窝的平均产蛋量对雏鹅存活率 (β = 0.095, 95% CRI: 0.024, 0.165) 和雏鹅生长率 (β = 0.626, 95% CRI: 0.469, 0.738) 有积极影响。雏鹅存活率（β = -0.146，95% CRI：-0.214，-0.079）和生长率（β = -1.286，95% CRI：-1.435，-1.132）与孵化日期呈负相关。这些发现表明，与其在产蛋顺序中的位置相关的后代质量存在很大的异质性。
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