Hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of 2-methylfuran and furfural over niobic acid catalysts for the synthesis of high carbon transport fuel precursors,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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Hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of 2-methylfuran and furfural over niobic acid catalysts for the synthesis of high carbon transport fuel precursors
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d0se00267d
Reibelle Q. Raguindin _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Mahlet N. Gebresillase _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Seung Ju Han _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Jeong Gil Seo _{4,

8,

9,

10}

Affiliation

In producing high-grade transport fuel from lignocellulosic biomass, carbon–carbon (C–C) coupling reactions are one of the most available and efficient strategies for increasing the carbon chain length and thereby producing fuel precursors. In this work, niobic acid catalysts (NAC) were prepared by facile precipitation and sol–gel process and were investigated for the solvent-free hydroxyalkylation/alkylation (HAA) of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) with biomass-derived compounds. The effect of thermal treatment (100–500 °C) on the properties and performance of niobic acid as a solid acid catalyst for the HAA reaction was explored. According to the results of characterization, the high activity of the niobic acid catalysts can be rationalized by their superior textural properties, strong acidity, good water tolerance ability, and by the presence of surface Nb–OH groups, which served as Brønsted acid sites. Among the catalysts tested, the NAC thermally treated at 400 °C (NAC₄₀₀) exhibited the best catalytic performance, and under the optimized conditions, a maximum of 90% yield of C₁₅ fuel precursor was obtained. Recyclability studies also demonstrated that NAC could be used for up to five reaction runs, thus, making it a promising solid acid catalyst for the C–C coupling of biomass-derived platform molecules to produce high carbon fuel precursors. Furthermore, a plausible HAA reaction mechanism over NAC was suggested.

中文翻译：

铌酸催化剂上2-甲基呋喃和糠醛的羟烷基化/烷基化反应，用于合成高碳运输燃料前体

在用木质纤维素生物质生产高级运输燃料时，碳-碳（CC）偶联反应是增加碳链长度从而生产燃料前体的最有效，最有效的策略之一。在这项工作中，铌酸催化剂（NAC）是通过容易的沉淀和溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的，并进行了2-甲基呋喃（2-MF）的无溶剂羟烷基化/烷基化（HAA）的研究。）与生物质衍生的化合物。探索了热处理（100–500°C）对铌酸作为HAA反应的固体酸催化剂的性质和性能的影响。根据表征结果，铌酸催化剂的高活性可以通过其优异的质构性质，强酸性，良好的耐水性和存在于布朗斯台德酸中心的表面Nb-OH基团来合理化。在所测试的催化剂中，在400°C（NAC ₄₀₀）下热处理的NAC表现出最佳的催化性能，并且在优化的条件下，最高可得到90％的C ₁₅收率。获得燃料前体。可回收性研究还表明，NAC最多可用于五个反应运行，因此使其成为一种有前途的固体酸催化剂，可用于生物质衍生的平台分子的C-C偶联，以生产高碳燃料前体。此外，有人提出一种可能的NAA反应机制。

更新日期：2020-04-06

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