For centuries, attempts have been continuously made to artificially reconstitute counterparts of in vivo organs from their tissues or cells. Only in the recent decade has organoid technology as a whole technological field systematically emerged and been shown to play important roles in tissue engineering. Based on their self-organizing capacities, stem cells of versatile organs, both harvested and induced, can form 3D structures that are structurally and functionally similar to their in vivo counterparts. These organoid models provide a powerful platform for elucidating the development mechanisms, modeling diseases, and screening drug candidates. In this review, we will summarize the advances of this technology for generating various organoids of tissues from the three germ layers and discuss their drawbacks and prospects for tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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用于组织工程的类器官技术

几个世纪以来，人们不断尝试从组织或细胞中人工重建体内器官的对应物。直到最近十年，类器官技术作为一个整体的技术领域才系统地出现，并被证明在组织工程中发挥着重要作用。基于它们的自组织能力，多功能器官的干细胞，无论是采集还是诱导，都可以形成在结构和功能上与其体内相似的 3D 结构同行。这些类器官模型为阐明发育机制、建模疾病和筛选候选药物提供了强大的平台。在这篇综述中，我们将总结这项技术在从三个胚层生成各种组织类器官方面的进展，并讨论它们的缺点和组织工程的前景。