BACKGROUND As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults over 8 years. METHODS Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63. RESULTS In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified over 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May, and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children <5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range: 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type. CONCLUSIONS Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population.

中文翻译：

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密歇根州 HIVE 家庭中 8 年来冠状病毒的发生和传播。

背景 作为家庭流感疫苗评估 (HIVE) 研究的一部分，已经在 8 岁以上的儿童和成人中发现了急性呼吸道感染 (ARI)。方法 每年对 890 到 1441 人进行跟踪并每周联系以报告 ARI。对患病期间收集的样本进行了人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) OC43、229E、HKU1 和 NL63 型检测。结果 在 8 年内总共发现了 993 例 HCoV 感染，其中 OC43 最常见，229E 最少。HCoV 是在 12 月和 4/5 月之间的有限时间段内检测到的，并在 1 月/2 月达到峰值。感染频率最高的是 <5 岁儿童（每 100 人年 18 人），年龄较大的组几乎没有变化（范围：每 100 人年 7 至 11 人）。全面的，9% 的成人病例和 20% 的儿童病例与医疗咨询有关。在 993 例感染中，260 例来自受感染的家庭接触者。指数病例和家庭获得病例之间的序列间隔为 3.2 至 3.6 天，继发感染风险按类型从 7.2% 至 12.6% 不等。结论 冠状病毒具有明显的季节性。根据连续间隔和继发感染风险，它们似乎在同一人群中具有与甲型流感（H3N2）相似的传播潜力。