Abstract

In the present study, the interactive effect of irrigation and nitrogen (N) on biomass and physiological characteristics of amaranth and the influence of zeolite in this interaction were investigated. A 2-year field experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The main factor consisted of different levels of deficit irrigation (DI) such as irrigation after 40 (DI₁), 60 (DI₂), and 75% (DI₃) depletion of soil available water. The subplots derived from a combination of different factors including nitrogen rates (zero (N₀), 80 (N₁), 160 (N₂), and 240 (N₃) kg urea ha⁻¹) and zeolite levels (zero (Z₀) and 10 (Z₁) ton ha⁻¹). Reduction of soil moisture resulted in a decrease in the amount of chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m ratio), and biomass of amaranth. In contrast, it resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble carbohydrates, and proline. However, nitrogen application led to an increase in the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, antioxidant enzyme activity, F_v/F_m ratio, and biomass of amaranth and a decrease in the soluble carbohydrates and proline. Zeolite treatment by increasing the content of chlorophylls (16%), carotenoids (19%), protein (25%), F_v/F_m ratio (11%) as well as enchantment of soluble carbohydrate content and antioxidant enzyme activity and by decreasing the proline content (40%) moderated the adverse consequences of water-deficit stress and improved biomass of amaranth. In general, the use of zeolite along with the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilizer (80 kg urea ha⁻¹) reduced the harmful effects of the oxidative stress caused by water scarcity and improved the growth conditions for the plant and thus produced maximum biomass of amaranth plant under moderate and severe deficit irrigations.

中文翻译：

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缺水胁迫下沸石对A菜氮素利用效率及生理，生物量性状的影响

摘要

在本研究中，研究了灌溉和氮（N）交互作用对biomass菜的生物量和生理特性的影响以及沸石在这种相互作用中的影响。进行了为期2年的田间试验，以分解图因子分解法进行了3次重复的随机完整区组设计。主要因素包括不同水平的亏水灌溉（DI），例如土壤有效水消耗40（DI ₁），60（DI ₂）和75％（DI ₃）后的灌溉。子图是由不同因素的组合得出的，包括氮速率（零（N ₀），80（N ₁），160（N ₂）和240（N ₃）kg尿素ha ^-1）和沸石含量（零（Z ₀）和10（Z ₁）ton ha ^-1）。土壤湿度的减少导致叶绿素，类胡萝卜素，蛋白质，光系统II（的最大量子产率的量的减少˚F _v / ˚F_米比），苋菜生物质。相反，其导致抗氧化酶活性，可溶性碳水化合物和脯氨酸的增加。但是，氮的施用导致叶绿素，类胡萝卜素，蛋白质，抗氧化酶活性，F _v / F _m的含量增加。比例，and菜的生物量以及可溶性碳水化合物和脯氨酸的减少。通过增加叶绿素（16％），类胡萝卜素（19％），蛋白质（25％），含量沸石处理˚F _v / ˚F_米比（11％）以及可溶性的碳水化合物含量和抗氧化酶活性结界和通过降低脯氨酸含量（40％）减轻了缺水胁迫的不利影响并改善了a菜的生物量。通常，使用沸石以及最低的氮肥用量（80千克尿素ha ^-1）减少了因缺水而引起的氧化胁迫的有害影响，并改善了植物的生长条件，从而在中度和严重度的亏缺灌溉下产生了maximum菜植物的最大生物量。