Increasing air and soil temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns as consequences of climate change will affect crop production in agricultural ecosystems. The combined effects of soil warming and altered precipitation on the productivity and product quality of oil crops are not yet well studied. Winter oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus L., cv. Mercedes) was field-grown under elevated soil temperature (+2.5 °C), reduced precipitation amount (−25%), reduced precipitation frequency (−50%) both separately and in combination in order to investigate effects on crop development, seed yield, and seed quality. Soil warming accelerated crop development during early plant growth and during spring. At maturity, however, plants in all treatments were similar in quantitative (aboveground biomass, seed yield) and qualitative (protein and oil content, amino acids, fatty acids) parameters. We observed the long-term effects of the precipitation manipulation on leaf size, leaf senescence and biomass allocation. Seed yield was not affected by the altered climatic factors, perhaps due to adaptation of soil microorganisms to permanent soil warming and to relatively wet conditions during the seed-filling period. Overall, OSR performed well under moderate changes in soil temperature and precipitation patterns; thus, we observed stable seed yield without negative impacts on nutritive seed quality.

中文翻译：

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土壤变暖和降水方式的变化是否会影响田间播种的冬季油菜的种子产量和种子质量？

气候变化造成的空气和土壤温度升高以及降水模式的变化将影响农业生态系统中的作物产量。土壤变暖和降水变化对油料作物的生产力和产品质量的综合影响尚未得到很好的研究。冬季油菜（OSR）（甘蓝型油菜L.，简历 梅赛德斯（Mercedes）是在土壤温度升高（+2.5°C），降水量减少（−25％），降水频率减少（−50％）的情况下单独或组合种植的，以便研究对作物生长，种子产量的影响，以及种子质量。在植物早期生长和春季，土壤变暖促进了作物的生长。然而，成熟后，所有处理中的植物在定量（地上生物量，种子产量）和定性（蛋白质和油含量，氨基酸，脂肪酸）参数上都相似。我们观察到降水操作对叶片尺寸，叶片衰老和生物量分配的长期影响。种子产量不受气候因素变化的影响，可能是由于土壤微生物适应了永久性土壤变暖以及种子灌浆期间相对潮湿的条件。总体而言，在土壤温度和降水模式适度变化的情况下，OSR表现良好；因此，我们观察到了稳定的种子产量，而对营养种子质量没有负面影响。