Geophysical investigations could provide a valid tool for the identification of possible causes of settlement phenomena that affect civil buildings. They provide a non-invasive method of obtaining high-resolution information about the subsoil, saving time and money. However, uncertainties related to the accurate interpretation of the acquired data could potentially reduce the value of these methods. For this reason, the integration of non-invasive tests with direct measurements to support geophysical data interpretation is strongly recommended. This is a fundamental step in the process of defining a sufficiently reliable geological model to explain the cause of failure. Among the various geophysical techniques, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar offer significant advantages for monitoring the status of the conservation of civil engineering structures and infrastructures. This paper presents the most recent and beneficial advances of the use of electric and electromagnetic geophysical methods in the field of civil engineering, with particular attention to their applications for monitoring subsidence and settlement phenomena. Finally, the possibilities of the joint use of resistivity and electromagnetic methods for studying the causes of the structural decay that affects two precast buildings are monitored and discussed. The results demonstrate the capability of combining non-destructive geophysical techniques with direct data, for evaluating the safety of building constructions and solving geotechnical problems.

中文翻译：

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监测钢筋混凝土建筑物沉降现象的地球物理技术

地球物理调查可为识别影响民用建筑的沉降现象的可能原因提供有效工具。它们提供了一种获取有关底土的高分辨率信息的非侵入性方法，从而节省了时间和金钱。然而，与所采集数据的准确解释相关的不确定性可能会降低这些方法的价值。因此，强烈建议将非侵入性测试与直接测量相结合，以支持地球物理数据解释。这是定义足够可靠的地质模型以解释故障原因的过程中的基本步骤。在各种地球物理技术中，电阻率断层扫描和探地雷达为监测土木工程结构和基础设施的保护状况提供了显着优势。本文介绍了在土木工程领域使用电和电磁地球物理方法的最新和有益进展，特别关注它们在监测沉降和沉降现象方面的应用。最后，监测和讨论了联合使用电阻率和电磁方法来研究影响两个预制建筑物的结构衰变原因的可能性。结果证明了将无损地球物理技术与直接数据相结合的能力，用于评估建筑施工的安全性和解决岩土工程问题。