We report on the effect of different coatings (dextran, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, carboxy-silane, and silica) in the toxicity elicited by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals were exposed to nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 8.0 mM of Fe during the first 5 days after fertilization. Embryotoxicity parameters (survival, hatching rate, and the incidence of anatomical malformations) and behavioral patterns (locomotion during the exploration of a new environment, thigmotaxis, and the escape response to an aversive stimulus) were evaluated. Exposed embryos hatched between 48 and 72 hpf, as expected for the species, but tendencies of either acceleration or delay were observed, depending on the nanoparticle coating. Malformations in exposed and control groups were similar, independent of the coating. Mortality rates were also not significantly affected by exposure to most of the coated SPIONs, except for animals treated with chitosan-coated nanoparticles, which induced 100% mortality at concentrations higher than 2 mM. A similar trend was observed in the behavioral parameters, in which significant adverse effects were mostly caused by chitosan-coated nanoparticles even at low concentrations. The higher toxicity observed for chitosan-coated particles raises concern and deserves further mechanistic investigations, considering the ample use of this compound in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

我们对在由显影斑马鱼超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子（SPIONs）引起的毒性不同的涂层（葡聚糖，脱乙酰壳多糖，聚乙二醇，羧基的硅烷和二氧化硅）的效果的报告（斑马鱼）。受精后的前5天，动物暴露于0.125至8.0 mM Fe的纳米颗粒浓度。评估了胚胎毒性参数（存活率，孵化率和解剖畸形的发生率）和行为方式（在探索新环境时的运动，趋轴性以及对厌恶刺激的逃避反应）。正如该物种所期望的那样，暴露的胚胎在48至72 hpf之间孵化，但是观察到加速或延迟的趋势，具体取决于纳米颗粒的涂层。暴露组和对照组的畸形相似，与涂层无关。暴露于大多数包被的SPIONs后，死亡率也没有受到显着影响，除了用壳聚糖包被的纳米粒子处理过的动物外，当浓度高于2 mM时，可导致100％的死亡率。在行为参数中观察到了类似的趋势，其中即使在低浓度下，壳聚糖涂层的纳米颗粒也主要引起明显的不良反应。考虑到该化合物在制药和生物医学应用中的大量使用，对壳聚糖包被的颗粒观察到的更高的毒性引起了人们的关注，值得进一步的机械研究。