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Sources, frequency, and chemical nature of dust events impacting the United States East Coast
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117456
Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif , David H. Lopez , Hossein Dadashazar , Armin Sorooshian

This study examines 14 years (2004-2017) of surface aerosol composition data from the EPA IMPROVE network with a focus on the monthly profile, sources, and chemical nature of extreme dust events (>92nd percentile of fine soil concentration each month) impacting ten sites along the United States East Coast ranging in latitude from Florida to Maine. Based on trajectory, remote sensing, and reanalysis data, dust events were categorized into four source categories: African, Asian, Mix (African + Asian), and Other (anything other than African and Asian). The results reveal that extreme dust events account for between 3.3% and 4.6% of total available days depending on the site. March-April-May (MAM) had the most (174) dust events, followed by June-July-August (JJA) with 172, and then by September-October-November (SON) with 160 and December-January-February (DFJ) with 150. There is a variability in the predominant dust sources based on latitude, with African and Other sources more influential from North Carolina to the south, while Asian and Other were most important from New Jersey to the north. The Mix category is consistently the least frequent dust category at all sites. The African dust category was linked to the highest fine soil levels across the entire East Coast relative to other sources regardless of location. JJA is mostly impacted by African dust for sites ranging from Florida to New Jersey, while MAM is dominated by Asian dust for all sites. Mix events occurred mostly between April and October and Other events were most common outside of MAM and JJA seasons. Seven out of ten sites had Other as the most dominant source. Aerosol constituents organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) had higher average concentrations in Other events (2.39 ± 0.78 μg m-3 and 0.79 ± 0.81 μg m-3, respectively) as compared to the other three source categories, suggestive of regional anthropogenic emissions. Moreover, the ratios of elements (Si:Al, K:Fe, Fe:Ca, Al:Ca) contributing to fine soil and PM2.5:PM10 exhibited distinct values depending on the dust source category and the site. This study builds on the growing evidence of the importance of long-range transport of dust in impacting distant regions and how a variety of sources can impact the U.S. East Coast at all times of the year.

中文翻译:

影响美国东海岸的沙尘事件的来源、频率和化学性质

本研究检查了来自 EPA IMPROVE 网络的 14 年(2004-2017 年)地表气溶胶成分数据,重点关注极端沙尘事件(每月细粒土壤浓度 > 92%)的月度分布、来源和化学性质,影响 10美国东海岸沿线的地点,纬度从佛罗里达到缅因州。根据轨迹、遥感和再分析数据,沙尘事件被分为四个来源类别:非洲、亚洲、混合(非洲 + 亚洲)和其他(非洲和亚洲以外的任何来源)。结果表明,极端沙尘事件占总可用天数的 3.3% 至 4.6%,具体取决于站点。3 月至 4 月至 5 月 (MAM) 的沙尘事件最多 (174),其次是 6 月至 7 月至 8 月 (JJA),有 172 起,然后到 9 月至 10 月至 11 月 (SON) 为 160,12 月至 1 月至 2 月 (DFJ) 为 150。主要沙尘源因纬度而异,从北卡罗来纳州到北卡罗来纳州,非洲和其他源的影响更大南,而亚洲和其他从新泽西到北部最重要。混合类别始终是所有站点中最不常见的灰尘类别。相对于其他来源,无论位置如何,非洲尘埃类别都与整个东海岸最高的细土水平有关。从佛罗里达州到新泽西州的地点,JJA 主要受非洲尘土的影响,而 MAM 的所有地点都受亚洲尘土的影响。混合事件主要发生在 4 月和 10 月之间,其他事件在 MAM 和 JJA 季节之外最常见。十分之七的网站将其他作为最主要的来源。与其他三个来源类别相比,气溶胶成分有机碳 (OC) 和元素碳 (EC) 在其他事件中的平均浓度更高(分别为 2.39 ± 0.78 μg m-3 和 0.79 ± 0.81 μg m-3),表明区域人为排放。此外,对细土和 PM2.5:PM10 有贡献的元素(Si:Al、K:Fe、Fe:Ca、Al:Ca)的比率显示出不同的值,具体取决于粉尘源类别和地点。这项研究建立在越来越多的证据的基础上,即灰尘的长距离传输对影响遥远地区的重要性以及各种来源如何在一年中的任何时候影响美国东海岸。39 ± 0.78 μg m-3 和 0.79 ± 0.81 μg m-3)与其他三个源类别相比,表明区域人为排放。此外,对细土和 PM2.5:PM10 有贡献的元素(Si:Al、K:Fe、Fe:Ca、Al:Ca)的比率显示出不同的值,具体取决于粉尘源类别和地点。这项研究建立在越来越多的证据的基础上,即灰尘的长距离传输对影响遥远地区的重要性以及各种来源如何在一年中的任何时候影响美国东海岸。39 ± 0.78 μg m-3 和 0.79 ± 0.81 μg m-3)与其他三个源类别相比,表明区域人为排放。此外,对细土和 PM2.5:PM10 有贡献的元素(Si:Al、K:Fe、Fe:Ca、Al:Ca)的比率显示出不同的值,具体取决于粉尘源类别和地点。这项研究建立在越来越多的证据的基础上,即灰尘的长距离传输对影响遥远地区的重要性以及各种来源如何在一年中的任何时候影响美国东海岸。PM10 表现出不同的值,具体取决于粉尘源类别和场地。这项研究建立在越来越多的证据的基础上,即灰尘的长距离传输对影响遥远地区的重要性以及各种来源如何在一年中的任何时候影响美国东海岸。PM10 表现出不同的值,具体取决于粉尘源类别和场地。这项研究建立在越来越多的证据的基础上,即灰尘的长距离传输对影响遥远地区的重要性以及各种来源如何在一年中的任何时候影响美国东海岸。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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