Hypoxia and petrogenic hydrocarbon contamination are two anthropogenic stressors that coexist in coastal environments. Although studies have estimated the impact of each stressor separately, few investigations have assessed the effects of these stressors in interaction. We therefore investigated the impact of these combined stressors on sea bass, (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiology. After experimental contamination with physically dispersed oil, fish were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia, and active/standard metabolic rates (AMR and SMR, respectively), and metabolic scope (MS) were estimated. At the protocol's end, the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was estimated by evaluating relative concentrations of bile metabolites. In terms of bile metabolites, our results validated the uptake of PAHs by contaminated fish in our experimental settings, and further suggest that the hypoxic period after contamination does not reduce or increase compound metabolization processes. Our data showed significant effects of hypoxia on all metabolic rates: a significant drastic AMR reduction and significant SMR diminution led to decreased MS. We also found that oil contamination significantly impacted AMR and MS, but not SMR. These results suggested that when evaluated separately, hypoxia or oil affect the metabolic rate of sea bass. On the other hand, when evaluated in combination, no cumulative effects were observed, since fish exposed to both stressors did not show a stronger impact on metabolism than fish exposed to hypoxia alone. This suggests that oil impacts fish metabolism when fish occupy normoxic waters, and that oil does not magnify hypoxia-induced effects on fish metabolism.

中文翻译：

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缺氧对受油污染的鲈鱼（Dicentrarchus labrax）有氧代谢的影响。

缺氧和烃源性碳氢化合物污染是在沿海环境中共存的两个人为压力源。尽管研究已经分别估计了每个压力源的影响，但很少有研究评估这些压力源在相互作用中的作用。因此，我们研究了这些组合压力源对鲈鱼（Dicentrarchus labrax）生理的影响。在实验上用物理分散的油污染后，鱼暴露于缺氧或常氧状态，并评估了活动/标准代谢率（分别为AMR和SMR）和代谢范围（MS）。在方案的最后，通过评估胆汁代谢产物的相对浓度来估算多环芳烃（PAHs）的吸收。就胆汁代谢物而言 我们的结果验证了在我们的实验环境中被污染的鱼类对PAHs的吸收，并且进一步表明，污染后的低氧期不会减少或增加化合物的代谢过程。我们的数据显示了低氧对所有代谢率的显着影响：AMR显着降低和SMR显着降低导致MS降低。我们还发现，机油污染对AMR和MS有显着影响，但对SMR没有影响。这些结果表明，单独评估时，缺氧或油脂会影响鲈鱼的代谢率。另一方面，当组合评估时，未观察到累积效应，因为暴露于两种应激源的鱼对代谢的影响均不高于单独暴露于低氧的鱼。这表明当鱼类进入常氧水域时，油会影响鱼类的新陈代谢，