OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the change in rates of hospital emergency presentations or hospital admissions during the coal mine fire, and their associations with the coal mine fire-related fine particles (PM2.5). METHODS Daily data on hospital emergency presentations and admissions were collected from the Department of Health and Human Services for the period January 01, 2009 to June 30, 2015, at Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2). The coal mine fire-related PM2.5 concentrations were modelled by the Chemical Transport Model coupled with the Cubic Conformal Atmospheric Model. A generalised additive mixed model was used to estimate the change in rates of hospital emergency presentations and hospital admissions during the coal mine fire period, and to examine their associations with PM2.5 concentrations for smoke impacted areas, after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared with non-fire periods, we found increased risks of all-causes, respiratory diseases, and asthma related emergency presentations and hospital admissions as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related emergency presentations during the fire period. Associations between daily concentrations of coal mine fire-related PM2.5 and emergency presentations for all-causes and respiratory diseases, including COPD and asthma, appeared after two days' exposure. Associations with hospital admissions for cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases appeared on the same day of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Coal mine fire smoke created a substantial health burden. People with respiratory diseases should receive targeted messages, follow self-management plans and take preventive medication during future coal mine fires.

中文翻译：

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煤矿火灾烟雾与医院紧急情况介绍和住院的关联：Hazelwood Health Study的时间序列分析。

目的我们旨在研究煤矿火灾期间医院紧急情况报告或入院率的变化，以及它们与煤矿火灾相关的细颗粒物（PM2.5）的关系。方法在2009年1月1日至2015年6月30日之间，从卫生和公共服务部收集了统计区域2级（SA2）的医院急诊就诊和住院每日数据。通过化学迁移模型和立方共形大气模型对煤矿火灾相关的PM2.5浓度进行了建模。使用通用的加和混合模型来估计煤矿火灾期间医院紧急情况报告和住院人数的变化，并检查其与烟尘影响区域与PM2.5浓度的关联，在控制了潜在的混杂因素之后。结果与非火灾时期相比，我们发现火灾期间全因，呼吸系统疾病和哮喘相关的紧急情况，入院以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）相关的紧急情况发生的风险增加。暴露两天后，出现了与煤矿火灾相关的PM2.5的每日浓度与包括COPD和哮喘在内的各种原因和呼吸系统疾病的紧急状况之间的关联。在暴露的同一天出现与脑血管和呼吸系统疾病住院的关联。结论煤矿火灾烟雾给健康造成了沉重负担。患有呼吸系统疾病的人应该收到针对性的信息，