Breast cancer (BC) comprises a diverse spectrum of diseases featuring distinct presentation, morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. BC behaviour and response to therapy also vary widely. Current evidence indicates that traditional prognostic and predictive classification systems are insufficient to reflect the biological and clinical heterogeneity of BC. Advancements in high-throughput molecular techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to the improved understanding of BC biology, refinement of molecular taxonomies and the development of novel prognostic and predictive molecular assays. Molecular testing has also become increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of BC in the era of precision medicine. Despite the enormous amount of research work to develop and refine BC molecular prognostic and predictive assays, it is still in evolution and proper incorporation of these molecular tests into clinical practice to guide patient’s management remains a challenge. With the increasing use of more sophisticated high throughput molecular techniques, large amounts of data will continue to emerge, which could potentially lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets and allow more precise classification systems that can accurately predict outcome and response to therapy. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular classification of BC and molecular prognostic assays. Companion diagnostics, contribution of massive parallel sequencing and the use of liquid biopsy are also highlighted.

乳腺癌 (BC) 包括多种疾病，具有不同的表现、形态、生物学和临床表型。BC 行为和对治疗的反应也有很大差异。目前的证据表明，传统的预后和预测分类系统不足以反映 BC 的生物学和临床异质性。高通量分子技术和生物信息学的进步有助于提高对 BC 生物学的理解、改进分子分类学以及开发新的预后和预测性分子检测方法。分子检测在精准医学时代的BC诊断和治疗中也变得越来越重要。尽管为开发和改进 BC 分子预后和预测分析进行了大量的研究工作，它仍在发展中，将这些分子测试适当地纳入临床实践以指导患者的管理仍然是一个挑战。随着越来越多地使用更复杂的高通量分子技术，大量数据将继续出现，这可能会导致识别新的治疗靶点，并允许更精确的分类系统准确预测结果和对治疗的反应。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于 BC 的分子分类和分子预后分析的更新。伴随诊断、大规模平行测序的贡献和液体活检的使用也得到了强调。随着越来越多地使用更复杂的高通量分子技术，大量数据将继续出现，这可能会导致识别新的治疗靶点，并允许更精确的分类系统准确预测结果和对治疗的反应。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于 BC 的分子分类和分子预后分析的更新。伴随诊断、大规模平行测序的贡献和液体活检的使用也得到了强调。随着越来越多地使用更复杂的高通量分子技术，大量数据将继续出现，这可能会导致识别新的治疗靶点，并允许更精确的分类系统准确预测结果和对治疗的反应。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于 BC 的分子分类和分子预后分析的更新。伴随诊断、大规模平行测序的贡献和液体活检的使用也得到了强调。我们提供了关于 BC 的分子分类和分子预后分析的更新。伴随诊断、大规模平行测序的贡献和液体活检的使用也得到了强调。我们提供了关于 BC 的分子分类和分子预后分析的更新。伴随诊断、大规模平行测序的贡献和液体活检的使用也得到了强调。